Hemp

History of hemp

The most known subspecies

Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa

It comes from the equatorial areas. It reaches in a few months a height of several meters (until more than 6 meters). The blades of its sheets are fine. One can observe at Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa concentrations in highest THC. However, this subspecies is famous for its fibers and it was largely used in the creation of the Hybride S which constitute legally the Chanvre cultivated in France. These hybrids are the subject of a program of breeding and genetic selection intensive in order to minimize their content of THC and to support their adaptation to the French climate. Its life cycle is longer than that of the other subspecies, undoubtedly because of the Photopériode of the equatorial areas.

Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica , or Indien hemp

Originating in the Hindu Kouch, an area of India, it is famous for its properties Psychotropes, which are at the origin of its distinction of subspecies. Its concentration in active ingredients is to be attached to the climate and the environment in which it evolved/moved. It is characterized physically by broad blades, an average stature (in general from 1 to 2 meters height) and it becomes ripe more quickly than Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa .

Cannabis sativa L. subsp. ruderalis

This subspecies pushes in a wild state in areas of the Europe of the East and Russia. It is characterized by its early flowering, some of its representatives flower even independently of the photoperiod. It supports difficult climates colder and environmental conditions. Like Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica , its stature is average.

Cannabinoïdes in the plant

One counts more than sixty Cannabinoïdes in the various varieties of hemp. The tétrahydrocannabinol (THC), the Cannabidiol (CBD) and the Cannabinol (CBN) are most widespread. Their Biosynthèse is done in glands specialized present on all the air parts of the plant. The development of these glands begins with the formation from the Bractée S. The factors controlling the production of cannabinoïdes are only partially known. Although it is proven that the environmental stress increases in an important way the quantity of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Haney and Kutscheid, 1973; Coffman and Gentner, 1975), a more general theory is than the qualitative aspects depend on the genetics of the plant and than the quantitative aspects are influenced by environmental factors (Fairbairn and Liebmann, 1974; Lathed and Eaton, 1975). The cannabinoïdes play the part of defensive agents, against the Dessiccation, the Parasites, the UV-B and the Microbe S.

Legislation on the cannabis

Entertaining use

Industrial potential

See also: Hemp cultivated

One draws from hemp a big number and always crescent of product: wire, string, fabric, paper (more than 70% of the production before 1883), but also construction materials, fuel, plastics, food products, drugs.

The American magazine Popular Mechanics of February 1938, titrates an article about the exploitation of hemp: " New billion dollar crop" . The extraction of fibers of the stem of hemp, tiresome operation, had just profited from a new process from automation, which promised an enormous profitability. However, the culture of hemp was gradually prohibited in the United States, by a succession of measurements, in particular the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937. The synthetic fibers, like the Nylon, marketed in 1938, started to take a lead in the worldwide market. The seedlings pushing in a wild state were tracked and destroyed. During the second world war, the United States encouraged their farmers to produce hemp massively. The film Hemp For Victory , realized by the US government, explains to the farmers the need for producing hemp to support the effort of war. Before 1989, the existence of this film was ignored, and the department of the agriculture of the United States, as well as the Bookseller of the Congress denied his existence, until two copies VHS re-appear, of the hands of Maria Farrow, Carl Packard, and Jack Herer.

Medical properties

Food

Oil resulting from seeds of hemp contains 8% of saturated greases, 55% of Linoleic acid and 25% of α-linoleic Acide. Only the Linseed oil contains a larger proportion of α-linoleic acid, but the seed oil of hemp contains more essential Fatty-acid S (80% of the total volume of oil). Moreover, these proportions are ideal for the human and animal consumption.

One draws from seeds of hemp of many food products.

The seed of hemp is called Chenevis .

Note

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