Stephen Grover Cleveland (1837 - 1908), is the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States of America. He is the only one to be elected for two nonconsecutive mandates of 1885 with 1889 and of 1893 with 1897.
Cleveland is the first candidate of the Democratic party, established rather better in the States of the South, with being elected after the American Civil War. He regards himself as a referee vis-a-vis the abuses of power of the Congress, which leads it to put its veto at 414 laws voted by this last only during its first mandate. Its second mandate coincides with the beginning of an economic recession and the movement of panic of 1893.
Biography
Stephen Grover Cleveland is born on March 18th, 1837 with Caldwell, New Jersey, in a family of Pasteur Presbytérien. It makes studies of Droit and becomes lawyer with Buffalo, New York. It is known for its determination to come to end from a single task at the same time.
He is elected at the station of Shérif county of Erie, in the state of New York in 1870. During its mandate, it carried out at least two executions per hanging of condemned criminals. Its political opponents will reproach him later, afflublant it of the nickname of Hangman ( Hang : to hang, Man : man). But Cleveland assumed, while rétorquant not to want to allot the responsibility for it to its subordinates.
It launches out in the policy, becomes Maire of Buffalo and governor of the State of New York before becoming, at 47 years, the candidate of the Democratic party to the presidential election of 1884. He is elected on November 4th with a very narrow majority, thanks to the support of the Democrats and the Republicans reformists.
Presidency
1885
March 4th: nomination of Grover Cleveland as a twenty-second chair of the United States of America.
Its policy is firmly opposed to any subsidy intended for a particular group. By putting its Veto at a law making it possible to distribute seeds to farmers texans struck by the dryness, he writes: “the federal assistance, in this case, encourages people to count on the Government with the detriment of the maintenance of their strength of character…”
Thus besides he uses also his right to veto against rights to pension for the war veterans of the American Civil War of which he considers the requests fraudulent, that against rights to pension for the soldiers wounded except service.
He fights against the railway companies about the grounds which are allotted to them by the Government and the force to return 328 000 km ². He signs the first law regulating the trade between States, the first federal law applying to the railway companies.
1886
June 2nd: Cleveland marries Frances Folsom, 22 years, the girl of its associate when he was lawyer. It is the only President-in-Office to be itself married in the White House.
1887
December: he proposes with the Congress the reduction rights of Douane. It is retorted to him that it is a gift that it makes with the Republican party for the electoral campaign of 1888. Its answer: “For what is that used it to be elected or re-elected if you do not have an opinion? ”. G. Cleveland will be beaten, with the vote of the Great Electors, by B. Harrison whereas it holds the majority of the popular vote.
1892
November 8th: Cleveland beats Harrison outgoing president and becomes the only president (until today) with being elected for two nonconsecutive mandates. It made countryside against the civic rights of the Blacks which the Republicans defend.
1893
March 4th: nomination of Grover Cleveland as a twenty-fourth chair of the United States of America.
It rather faces an economic recession that it suppresses while being based on the purse and the management of the federal budget, than on intended measures with the companies, the farmers and the unemployed.
1897
March 2nd: Cleveland puts its veto at a law excluding the illiterate immigrants.
It employs the federal army to oblige the railwaymen strikers of Chicago to resume work and declares that, if it must use the army and the marine of the United States to forward a postcard to Chicago, it will do it.
G. Cleveland again stands as a candidate to the nomination in 1896 but the Democratic party prefers to him William Jennings Bryan.
Foreign politics
Cleveland is in favor of some Isolationnisme, and it chooses not to react when revolutions burst with Cuba and to Hawaii. On the other hand, it sends the American fleet to the Venezuela to oblige the Britanniques to settle a frontier disagreement. This position is in conformity with the Doctrine Monroe of intervention of the United States on the whole of the continent against the European colonial powers.
Interior policy
Cleveland is in favor of the non-intervention of the Federal state, which leads it to be opposed to the Congress whose laws seems to him to support such or such lobby. Thus during its first mandate, it will put its veto at 414 voted laws.
Policy partisane
Cleveland is with three recoveries candidate with the presidency. It is victorious in 1884 against a candidate with the doubtful financial past. It will be then beaten by Harrison in 1888, but will be the winner vis-a-vis the same candidate in 1892.
Reprocess
G. Cleveland dies of a Heart attack the June 24th 1908.
Anecdotes
Single person at the beginning of his presidency, it badly feels at ease with the White House and entrusts to a friend who it must go to dine but that it would prefer a smoked herring, Swiss cheese and a chop rather than the French Cuisine that one is useful to him.
Homages
The portrait of G. Cleveland is reproduced on the tickets of 1000 $ emitted between 1928 and 1946, like on some other tickets.
See too
Simple: Grover Cleveland
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