Gran Guerra Irmandiña

The Gran Guerra Irmandiña is a conflict which proceeded of 1467 with 1469 in the Royaume of Galicia (Iberian peninsula). The irmadiños are the members of fraternities ( irmandade in Galician) which were born in reaction with oppression seigneuriale in kingdom.

Since the reign of the king Sanche III of Navarre, the kingdom of Galicia is joined together with the kingdoms of Castille and from León but, by its history and its character excentré, profits from a strong autonomy from which profits primarily the local nobility. The latter with the practice to make many abuses from which suffers the Galician farming community.

In 1431 is formed the first Fraternity (the Irmandade Fusquenlha ) which revolts in front of the tyranny of Nuno Freire, lord of Andrade. The rebellious troops are carried out by a small landed proprietor of Corogne, King Xordo. The rebellion is subdued as of 1435.

The Gran Guerra Irmandiña itself bursts in 1467. Alonso de Lanzós, supported by the municipalities of several towns of Galicia (Corogne, Betanzos, Ferrol, Lugo), creates the Irmandade Xeral (the General Fraternité ), which launches the movement, in a painful economic context of bad harvests and epidemics of Peste.

The irmandiños gather to 80.000 people, who overflow largely of the only framework of the farming community since unite with the movement of the townsmen, noble of small extraction and even of the members of the clergy. Pedro de Osório prevails with its troops in the center of Galicia, whereas Alonso Lanzós leads the rebellion to north and Diego de Lemos in the south. The attacks are directed towards the fortified towns controlled by the noble ones like worms the grounds exploited by the high clergy and the Monastère S. Contrairement to the first revolt of the Irmandade Fusquenlha , the ecclesiastics are not directly attacked.

Part of the nobility flees with the Portugal and in Castille until the counter-offensive carried out in 1469 by Pedro Madruga grace inter alia in support of the troops of the Archevêque of Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle. Armed better - they have Arquebuse S -, the troops subdue a divided and badly organized rebellion and gain the final victory thanks to the reinforcement of the armies of Castille and Portugal.

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