Gothic script

C-W communication of the Latin alphabet appeared at the end of the the Middle Ages.

Foreword

One should not confuse this Latin C-W communication with the gotic writing.

A form of this C-W communication is sometimes called “black letter” (“black letter” in English)

Gothic characters and Roman Caractères were a long time in competition, in particular in Germany. The use of the Gothic script is relegated today to the ornament (signs).

History

  • 11th: appearance of the tiny Gothic (Gothic primitive ) in the north of the France, in Flanders and England.
  • 12th: extension in Germany.
  • medium 12th: appearance of the gothic script textured .
  • 13th:
    • the gothic script textured becomes the writing of the Western Europe in parallel
    • develops the rotunda in Italy and the bastarda .
  • 15th: the textured is the first typestyle used in the Imprimerie (edition of the Bible).
  • medium 15th: the writing Humanistique develops in Italy. These characters quickly supplant in Europe (except in Germany) the Gothic characters for the Imprimerie.
  • fine 15th: creation and diffusion of the gothic script Schwabacher (Germany).
  • beginning 16th: birth of the gothic script fraktur (Germany).
  • 16th in the middle of 20th: widespread use of the Fraktur for the Printing works (Germany).
  • 19th: fixing of the handwritten gothic script Kurrentschrift (Germany).
  • towards 1918: replacement of the Kurrentschrift by the Sütterlin (created by Ludwig Sütterlin).
  • 1941 : Hitler issues the abandonment of the Gothic to the profit of the Latin writing, baptized Normalschrift .

Typology

The Gothic script is a deformation of the Minuscule Caroline. The layout of the letters, of round-off becomes angular. The historical reasons of these deformations remain unknown.

  • Primitive :

  • Textured , called subparagraph textured or subparagraph formatted - letter of form - or black letter. It is the writing of the Moyen-âge par excellence:
  • Rotunda , partially with the round forms.
  • Bastarda , less angular and less austere than textured it.
  • Schwabacher , alternative of the Bastarda . It is more readable than the Textura .
  • Fraktur , resulting from the Schwabacher . It is at the origin of block letters a long time used in the countries of language Germanique:
  • Kurrentschrift : cursive writing derived from the Gothic. Leaning, angular, tight.
  • Sütterlin : cursive writing derived from the Kurrentschrift . Right and ventilated.

See also

External bonds

  • Bible of Gutenberg (second half of XVe century)

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