George II of Great Britain

See also: George II

George II of Great Britain (November 10th 1683 - October 25th 1760) was king de Grande-Bretagne and of Ireland of 1727 with 1760.

It was Prince-voter of 1727 with 1760. The November 9th 1706, it was made duke of Cambridge, count de Milford-Haven, Viscount of Northallerton, baron de Tewkesbury. In 1714, it was made duke of Cornouailles, duke of Rothesay and count de Carrick. The September 27th 1714, Georges Ier of Great Britain did it Prince de Galles and count of Chester.

He was the son of George I {{er}} and of Sophie-Dorothée of Brunswick-Zeal.

In 1702, Anne I {{Re}} admitted it in the Order of the Garter.

Marriage and descent

In 1705, it marries Caroline de Brandebourg-Ansbach (1683 † 1737). (girl of Jean Frederic de Brandebourg-Ansbach).

They had eight children:

Biography

Georges II of Great Britain was the first British sovereign of the Maison of Hanover to be born in Great Britain.

Conflicts between Georges Ier and Georges II

The conflicts which opposed Georges II to his father are memorable. In 1717, during the birth of prince Georges Guillaume, a quarrel burst between Georges Ier and his son the prince of Wales. Georges Auguste had chosen as godfather Thomas Pelham-Holles Ier duke of the Newcastle-on-Tyne (Georges Ier hated it), the king had chosen his brother Ernest-Auguste, duke of York and Albany. The prince of Wales tança publicly his father. Georges Ier put his son in a temporary state of arrest, then the outlaw of the Saint-James Palate and excludes it from all public ceremonies. In 1727, when the Prime Minister, Robert Walpole announced in Georges Auguste, then Prince de Galles, the death of Georges Ier, the prince is delighted by dead by his father who had persecuted his mother.

The future Georges II of Great Britain implemented all to be opposed to the policy of his/her father. The manor of Leicester, residence London of the prince, was the place where the adversaries of the policy of Georges Ier met, among these adversaries one counted Robert Walpole and the Viscount Charles Townshend.

Law of succession

The law of succcession was created in 1701, prince Georges Auguste of Hanover took English nationality.

Reign

Georges II of Great Britain inherited the throne the June 11th 1727, it was crowned with the Abbey of Westminster the October 11th 1727. For this crowning, Georg Friedrich Haendel was selected to compose four new anthems of which: The Zadok priest. Since 1727, this anthem is sung with each crowning.

Against any waiting, Georges II of Great Britain drew aside Robert Walpole who had largely disappointed it at the time of his entry to the government of his father in 1720. Georges II thus invited Spencer Compton to write its first speech. The princess Caroline de Brandeburg-Ansbach supported Robert Walpole, it judged Spencer Compton inefficient. Georges II of Great Britain took the advice of his wife and preserved Robert Walpole, at the post of Prime Minister.

While granting the king a civil list of £800 000, Robert Walpole returned in the regard of Georges II. Robert Walpole persuaded much of Conservatives to be recognized like valid the Law of succession established in 1702.

For its part, Georges II of Great Britain supported Robert Walpole in his search for a strong majority by creating the pars.

Robert Walpole held the capacities of the interior policy and exerted a certain control on the foreign politics of Georges II of Great Britain. The king chose the war in Europe, but Robert Walpole was more careful. Thus in 1729, British the Prime Minister encouraged Georges II to sign a treaty with the Spain.

In 1732, Georges II of Great Britain granted a charter to James Oglethorpe and created the province of Georgia in North America. This province was baptized name of the British king.

Against the opinion of Robert Walpole, Georges II again entered in war in 1739 against Spain. The whole Europe was plunged in the war after the death of Charles VII of the Holy roman Empire. This war engaged against Spain was quickly integrated into the War of succession of Austria. During this important European conflict, Robert Walpole was impotent. He also had to face the opposition of several politicians carried out by the baron John Carteret. Shown to slow down an election, Robert Walpole had to withdraw himself after twenty years of government. He was replaced by Spencer Compton, Ier count de Wilmington. But the real power of the British government was in the hands of John Carteret.

After the death of Spencer Compton which has occurred in 1743, Henry Pelham succeeded to him. The faction warmonger carried out by John Carteret claimed the succession for Marie-Therese of Austria, to avoid the rise to power of the France in Europe.

Georges II sent troops in Europe, seemingly to support Marie-Therese Ire of Hungary, actually, it wanted to prevent the enemy troops from walking on the Hanover. The British army had taken part in no conflict for twenty years, during these years the government neglected its maintenance. Despite everything, Georges II sent his troops in Europe. He carried out his army personally and fought with the Bataille of Dettingen in 1743, he was the last British sovereign to fight with the head of an army. Its armies were ordered by his/her son William Augustus, duke of Cumberland. This war was badly accommodated by the British subjects which estimated that the king and John Carteret subordinated the interests of the Great Britain to those of Hanover.

With easy way, the French adversaries of Georges II encouraged the rebellion Jacobites during the Austrian war of succession. Jacobites supported Jacques II of England which had been deposited in 1689 and had been not replaced by his/her catholic son, Jacques, but by his daughter Marie II of Protestant England. The son of Jacques II, Jacques François Stuart, known under the name “of old applicant” had tried two rebellions already; in 1715, " Quinze" occurred after its escape in France; the rebellion of 1719 " the dix-neuf" who was so weak that it became absurd about it. His/her son Charles Edouard Stuart in the name of his father took the head of a rebellion much more powerful. He unloaded in Scotland in July 1745. Number of Scot had remained to him faithful; it overcame the British forces in September 1745. It tried to penetrate in England where the roman catholics seemed hostile with this invasion. Louis XIV of France had promised in Charles Edouard Stuart, to send 12.000 soldiers to him to facilitate this rebellion, but this army never left France. A British army having at its head Willaim Augustus, duke of Cumberland renewed Jacobites in Scotland. The April 16th 1746, Charles Edouard Stuart was demolishes by William Augustus, duke of Cumberland to the Bataille of Culloden. This battle was the last delivered on the British ground. Charles Edouard Stuart took refuge in France while many its faithful were stopped and carried out. The Jacobitisme was definitively crushed; no other serious attempt was reiterated by the members of the Maison Stuart.

After 1745, the Austrian war of succession will perdura. Peace was signed in 1748 with Marie-Therese of Austria which was recognized auchiduchess of Austria. Later, it separated from its allied British, regarding it as too dubious.

At the end of his reign, Georges II hardly carried interest to the policy or the war. During the last years of its reign, the kingdom knew the Industrial revolution, its domination in India increased with the victories of Robert Clive with the Slag battle, with the Bataille of Plassey.

In 1751, the prince of Wales, Frederic-Guillaume died suddenly, his son the future Georges III of the United Kingdom succeeded to him immediately like duke of Edinburgh then as prince de Galles.

In 1752, Great Britain reformed its calendar. It had adopted the Calendrier Julien, then in 1752 it adopted the Gregorian Calendrier.

In 1754, Georges II published the charter for the College of New York, which will become after American Independence, the Université Columbia.

In 1754, died Henry Pelham, his brother Thomas Pelham-Holles, duke of Newcastle--on-Thyn him succeeded.

In 1756, it was William Cavendish, duke of Devonshire which occupied the functions of Prime Minister. William Pitt Elder the made its entry in the government Devonshire, it occupied the station of Secretary of State, but hated by Georges II, because opposed to the Austrian war of succession. This hostility was especially marked by criticisms carried by Georges II to the speeches of William Pitt in 1757. In April 1757, Georges II dismissed William Pitt but pointed out it later some time. As southernmost Secretary of State, William Pitt was in charge of the policy concerning the Guerre Seven Year old which can be looked like the continuation of the Austrian war of succession. Marie-Therese of Austria was combined with her former enemies: the Russia and France, Great Britain and Hanover became its enemies. Georges II, fearing that the alliance of Marie-Therese of Austria with Russia and France does not cause the invasion of Hanover, was thus combined with the Prussia. Great Britain, Hanover and Prussia were vis-a-vis a formed powerful block of Austria, Russia, the Sweden and the Saxony. This European war (Seven Year old War) was propagated in North America (the conflict free-Indian), in India Robert Clive took part in its second conflict which one named second Carnatic war.

Quarrel between Georges II and Frederic Guillaume

The agreement between Georges II and his son the prince of Wales, Frederic Guillaume was not excellent. The relationship between the father and the son envenimèrent during the year 1730. At the time of the marriage of Frederic Guillaume a quarrel burst, in 1737, Georges II outlaw his son and his family of the royal Court.

The royal couple

Complicity reigned in the royal couple. The two husbands are followers of libertinage. Georges II posts himself readily with his mistress Henriette Howard, Caroline de Brandeburg-Ansbach did not hold any rigor towards her husband of it.

Death of Caroline de Brandeburg-Ansbach

Caroline de Brandeburg-Ansbach died the November 20th 1737. Georges II was desperate. On her bed of death, Caroline de Brandeburg-Ansbach gave the following council: she advised with her husband of remarier very quickly. Affected Georges II by the nearest end of his wife made him this promise: “Never! I will have mistresses! ”.

Death of Georges II of Great Britain

The October 25th 1760, then sitted on the basin of the toilets, Georges II died suddenly of a rupture of the aorta. It was buried in the cathedral of Westminster.

Genealogy

Georges II of Grandce-Brittany belonged to the Maison of Hanover resulting from the second branch of the Maison of Brunswick (Brunswick-Luneburg), itself resulting from the Maison of Este, downward of the dukes of Toscane.

Georges II of Great Britain east by the queen Victoria Anger of the United Kingdom, the ascending one of the queen Elisabeth II of the United Kingdom.

By Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover (Ernest-Augustus, duke of Cumberland) wire of Georges III of the United Kingdom, Georges II of Great Britain is also the ascending one of the current chief of the royal House of Hanover, the prince Ernest-Auguste of Hanover (Ernest-Auguste V of Hanover).

Internal bonds

External bonds and sources

en.wikipedia.org

Simple: George II off Great Britain

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