Georg von Purbach
Georg von Purbach ( alias Georg von Peuerbach , Peurbach , Purbach , Purbachius ) was born on May 30th 1423 in Purbach close to Linz in Austria. He died in Vienna on April 8th 1461. He is the inventor of several scientific instruments, and its name is attached to a crater of the Moon. Professor of astronomy and mathematics at the university of Vienna, it prepared the way with work of Nicolas Copernic and with the birth of the heliocentric Système. One generally regards it as one of the principal pioneers of the Révolution Keplerian copernician and and the father of the at the same time observational Astronomie and mathematics in Western Europe.
About the year 1440 it was accepted Master in philosophy and arts free with the mention “cum insigna laude” at the university of Vienna. Its mathematics professor was probably Johann von Gmunden. In 1448 it started a study trip in Italy, where Giovanni Bianchini of Ferrare and the cardinal Nicolas of CUSE noticed the young man and incited it to give courses of astronomy to the university of Ferrare. It declined of the posts of professor with Bologna and Padoue, just as a station of astronomer at the court of the king Ladislas of Hungary as it occupied only during one very short amount of time. It turned over to teach at the university of Vienna in 1450 as a successor of Johann von Gmunden. It taught there the Philologie and the old authors on a purely official basis, and sciences especially on a purely private basis. Its most famous disciple was Johann Müller de Königsberg, called later Regiomontanus.
Purbach realized of the weak points of the system of Ptolémée and started by revising the “Almageste”, the main work of Ptolémée, which was useful at the time like basic handbook as regards Astronomie. But contrary to Jean of Hollywood Sacrobosco says, who had translated the “Almageste” starting from a translation into Arabic, Purbach made of it a new translation out of the Greek original. Helped of its Regiomontanus pupil, he wrote “épitomés” (summarized, short presentations) of the “Almageste”. He resulted from it a new theory from the planets which was used as departure in Nicolas Copernic.
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