Geography of Singapore

Singapore is small a island very urbanized, City-State of Southeast Asia, located at the southern point of the Malayan Péninsule between the continental part of the Malaysia and the Indonesia. Total surface area of Singapore east of 699 square kilometers, with 193 kilometers of coast. Singapore is separated from Indonesia by the Détroit of Singapore and from Malaysia by the Détroit of Johor.

Physical geography

The principal island of Singapore east in the diamond shape, but the territory includes/understands other surrounding islands, smaller. Size of Singapore east approximately 3,5 times that of Washington DC or 5 times that of Paris intramurally . The secondary islands, most important are the island of Jurong, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa.

Most of Singapore is with less than 15 meters to the top of the sea level. The Culminating point is Bukit Timah, with 164 meters of Altitude (538 feet), and consists of magmatic Roche and Granit. The North-West mainly consists of Sedimentary rock formant hills and valleys, while the area is more Sable uses and punt. Singapore has neither natural lake nor river, but of the tank S and the towers water were built to keep water.

Singapore includes/understands grounds gained on the sea, starting from its own hills, of the adjoining country and sea-bed. The surface evolved/moved of 581 km ² in the years 1960 to 699 km ² today, and could still grow of 100 km ² from here 2030.

Climate

Singapore is located at only one degree in the north of the equator. The climate is that of the wet Tropical forest according to the Classification of Köppen. Really marked seasons ago. Because of the geographical position, and maritime exposure, the climate is characterized by a temperature and a pressure uniforms, large a Humidité and important precipitations. The average of precipitations is of approximately: 2370 Misters the daily precipitations most important ever observed were of 512 mm (1978), 467mm (1969) and 366mm (December 19th, 2006).

The temperatures oscillate between 23 and 26°C (minimum) and 31 and 34°C (maximum). The temperature is never descended in lower part from 18,4 °C, nor assembled in top of 37,8 °C in the recorded data. The relative Humidité oscillates between almost 100% to the morning and 60% in middle of afternoon. At the time of abundant rains, the relative humidity often reaches 100%. Generally there is much more rain in the west than in the east of Singapore, because of Ombre of the rain, with the result that the east part is much drier and a little hotter than the western part. There can thus be a light contrast between the two parts. That is remarkable, because even a small hill as Bukit Timah can cause this phenomenon, and in spite of its size, there can be sun on a side whereas it rains on the other pouring.

Another contrast is due to the rain seasons, at a rate of two per annum. The first, or Monsoon of the North-East, occurs December at mid-February. The second, or Monsoon of south-east, takes place from June to September. The periods between monsoons are less rainy and less windy. During the monsoon of the North-East, the winds of the North-East are dominant, going up to 20 km/h. Many clouds in December and January cause frequent downpours in the afternoon. Less strong rains take place over periods, each time, of one to three days. Between February and March, the weather is relatively drier. There is also wind, reaching between 30 and 40 km/h in January and February. During the monsoon of south-east, the winds of south-east and south-west are dominant. Scattered rains take place at the end of the morning and at the beginning of after midday. blows of Sumatra (lines of grains, accompanied by storms violent one) are not rare. It rains 40% of the days of the year (67% of the April, most rainy).

Seismicity

Singapore is relative with the shelter of the seisms, because the Fault line nearest is to hundreds of kilometers, in Indonesia. However, the island is inclined with being (little) affected by jolts, which are not rare, but generally do not cause a damage, and summarize themselves with small vibrations and oscillations of objects. Contrast with much of neighbors sismiquement active is important.

At the end of 2004, the Tsunami of December 26th, 2004 devastated many coasts around the Indian Ocean. Singapore was saved because it was sheltered by the island of Sumatra, which absorbed the tremors. The effect in Singapore was limited to jolts felt in the high buildings. However, in 2005, nine Singaporean tourists were declared died, fifteen missings, and a injoignable.

Geology

Singapore is a developed company whose environment changed much; so few Singaporeans know which types of minerals are on their island. Magmatic rocks are found in Bukit Timah, Woodlands and on the island of Pulau Ubin, mainly of the granite. Gabbro S can also be there, like with Little Guilin , zone of Bukit Gombak thus named for its resemblance to Guilin in southernmost China. One finds sedimentary rocks in the western part (including south-west), especially of the sandstone and the Argilite. One can find rocks metamorphic in the North-East and on the island of Pulau Tekong with broad of the east coast. These rocks mainly consist of Quartzite and belong to the formation of Sajahat.

Urban geography

At the beginnings of the colonization of the island by the British, the town of Singapore was located on the southern part, around the mouth of the Rivière Singapore. This area is today the Downtown Core (downtown area) of Singapore. The remainder of the island was then made up of firm S, fields of culture and primary Forêt. The government builds much since the Années 1960; today the island is almost completely urbanized, with some notable exceptions, of which the Natural reserve of Bukit Timah and the grounds gained on the sea, on standby of development. However, most of the skyscrapers and the most developed urbanization concentrate in the Central Area , where are located the districts financier and commercial, near the Port of Singapore.

It is the Urban Redevelopment Authority which deals with the Urbanisme of the island: it tries to use the more effective ground of manner and to minimize pollution all while maintaining the quality of transport, important thing due to its situation of city-state. A Development Guide Plan was published. To improve circulation in the city, a system of Télépéage called Electronic Road Pricing was installed with the streets leading to the downtown area. The other districts densément are less densément populated and especially consist of allotments of the type Copropriété and are built by the Housing and Development Board Singaporean. To decrease the pressure on the downtown area the authorities developed commercial districts in each district.

Light industry tends to concentrate in the industrial parks as in buildings for the contractors who almost do not produce pollution, while heavy industry is concentrated in the district of Jurong and the island of Jurong.

There are two manners of joining the Malaysian State of Johor: by a roadway (elevated way) for trains and cars which leads directly to Johor Bahru in north and by a road bridge in the west ( Tuas Second Link ), which leads to the State de Johor. These connections are an important economic link with Malaysia.

The roadway (long of: 1038 m) were drawn by Coode, Fitzmaurice, Wilson and Mitchell of Westminster and were built by Topham, Jones & Railton Co. from London. Started in 1909 like a railway bond with the railway system of Johor, manner of connecting Johor Bahru to Singapore, then the HQ of the British colonies in Southeast Asia. Construction started in 1913 and finished one decade later.

The roadway caused environmental problems, in particular the accumulation of vase in the strait of Johor. This led to disagreements with Malaysia: Singapore refuses to replace the roadway with a bridge (a suggestion of Malaysian), and Malaysia since proposed one half-bridge eighth note , which would go down in the middle of the strait to join the original roadway.

Like Singapore misses lakes and natural rivers, the first source of drinking water is the rain. As this one is not sufficient to satisfy the request of the Singaporean population, the city-state imports most of its drinking water of Malaysia and Indonesia. To decrease its dependence on the imports, the Singaporean authorities built tanks to collect rainwater as well as complexes of water purification. There exists also an installation of Dessalement on the west coast, with Tuas. This one is thought of finally being able to provide half of drinking water of the island. Installations NEWater , using the Osmose reverses to convert waste water of the city into drinking water, also found success: the Singaporean government opened three new installations on the island to make place with the request.

Statistics

Zone of exclusive fishing: Inside and beyond territorial water.

Territorial water: 3 marine miles (5,6 km)

Natural resources: fish, wearing of deep water allowing much sea traffic

Exploitation of the ground:

  • arable lands: 2%
  • permanent crops: 6%
  • permanent pastures: 0%
  • forests: 5%
  • other: 87% (are. 1993)
irrigated Grounds: N/A

Natural disasters: N/A

environmental Problems: industrial and urban pollution, limited drinking water resources, problems of Management of waste due to the lack of space, seasonal smoke due to the forest fires of Indonesia, accumulation of vase in the strait of Johor

International treaties on the environment:

See too

References

  • the CIA World Factbook: Singapore
  • Library off Congress Country Studies: Singapore

External bonds

; Climate:
  • Average of temperature
  • National Environment Agency, Singapore: Climatology
  • National Environment Agency, Singapore: Forecast and Current Weather
; Charts:
  • Urbanization
  • internal Borders

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