Gariotte

A gariote or gariotte is, in the speech of Cahors (Lot), a guérite wedged in a wall or a stone drain of the old vineyard. It is about a construction in Pierre dries, i.e. without mortar binding the stones between them.

Etymology

Gariote or gariotte is the francized form of the quercynois garioto (Occitan standardized gariòta ).

Following the publications of rural architecture of Dr. Alfred Cayla in the years 1950 to 1970, this name was wide wrongly with the huts ( cabanos , occ. norm. canted ) or casèles ( casèlos , occ. norm. casèlas ) in Pierre dries of the High Quercy (tired “Los “Parisian” apelan casèlas “gariote”, sai not per that”, a person of the vintage said).

Function

That it is incorporated in a wall or with a stone drain or independent, that it is of circular or quadrangular plan, that it has the pace of a absidiole or a nave, the gariote is, according to its size, a simple shelter for one, two or three people as its summary installation attests it: projecting flagstones being used as rustic seats, stone bench, sometimes niche.

The gariote was used as shelter to the owner of the field or the vine where it was, like with the farm laborers, the harvesters, the vintagers, etc

Origin

In the perimeter of the old vineyard of Cahors (of before will phylloxéra), the major part of the gariotes were built by farm laborers clearing the last waste lands for the account of owners under the Second Empire. They constitute, with the network lithic of the walls of pieces, a testimony of the great agricultural work of the 19th century.

Structure

One distinguishes two great types of gariote :
- not arched guérites,
- guérites arched by corbelling.

Inside the first type, one finds:
- the guérite at the entry occupying all the front side,
- the guérite at the entry occupying only part of the front side.

Inside the second type, one finds:
- the guérite with two opposite corbellings meeting,
- the guérite with two corbelling opposite capped by a ceiling of flagstones,
- the guérite in the shape of half dome,
- the guérite with vault encorbellée on circular or elliptic level,
- the guérite with vault encorbellée on quadrangulaire.
plan

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