Game

The game is the wild whole of the animals S (except Poisson S, Crustacé S, Coquillage S, Seafood and marine mammals) that one Chasse to consume or sell the Viande of it, known as “Viande of bush” in zone Tropical E.

One has very little qualitative, quantitative information and even statistics on the importance of the wild game trade marketed or not, including in the States of the European Union, of which in France where hunting still is very practiced. This returns the evaluations of risk ecoepidemiologic and medical difficult or impossible. In addition, of the legal vacuums or blurs or broad tolerances exist (for example in Guyana, where professional hunters systematically provide the restaurants and of many private individuals out of meat of bush, badly controlled, likely to be polluted by the mercury of the Orpaillage).
Dans the world, the total share of game in the food decreases regularly. He is generally regarded as a Luxury item, consumed in particular for the festivals. He is covered by a regulation, taxation which varies according to the countries. Certain species locally or are temporarily protected. The analyzes of DNA or meat now make it possible to potentially better fight against the poaching), the DNA making it possible to assign with certainty of the moults or the meat to a population or a trophy, to pair the parts of animal which would have made the object of traffic or poaching.

One usually distinguishes:

One sells sometimes under the name of game of the pets, i.e. animals usually driven out like game but here high at food purposes meat.

Legal definition

In comparison with the European regulation one understands by
wild game :
  1. the ongulés wild ones and lagomorphs as well as the other terrestrial mammals which are driven out for human consumption and are regarded as game according to the applicable legislation in the Member State concerned, including the mammals living in territory closed under conditions of freedom similar to those of wild game,
  2. the wild birds driven out for human consumption.

game of breeding ;
les Ratite S of breeding and terrestrial mammals of breeding other than those aimed to the point 1.2

wild small game
le wild game with feathers and the Lagomorph S alive in freedom.

wild big game
les mammalian terrestrial savages living in freedom who do not answer the definition of wild small game.

Medical aspects

Two principal risks are generally considered:

  • the game coming from zones polluted or contaminated for example by the repercussions of the catastrophe of Tchernobyl, can be vector of pollutants of which toxic Heavy metals or of Radionucléide S with amounts exceeding the legal thresholds. The herbivorous animals are generally touched than the Omnivore S or Nécrophage S (suidés wild boars and others). A particular case is that of birds of water or others reached of Saturnisme induced by the ingestion of Grenaille S of Plomb. The Bioturbation describes the capacity of certain animals to convey substances possibly Toxique S (thus a Bécasse, animal which can live a score of year, being nourished of worms contaminated in the radioactive zones of Bélarus, can import during its migration an important radioactive substance amount (Césium primarily) and be killed and eaten in Belgium or France during its migration of winter. Wild boars can pass the borders, charged with heavy metals).

  • Certaines diseases transmitted by wild animals is known for a long time (the rage is one of the motivations of the creation of the body of the luparii (become lieutenants of louvetery by Charlemagne) which will fight against the wolves, without taking into account their medical role of predator (controlling other sick animals) until the end of the 19th century, where the species was almost éradiquée in Western Europe, and where Pasteur invented the vaccine against the rage.

The game consumer exposes himself to less sanitary controls (only large animals and in certain countries must pass in slaughter-house and be the subject of a veterinary plug) and at the risks of Parasitose S or particular Infection S related to Microbe S transported by the wildlife. The SARS thus seems to be diffused starting from wild animals, just as H5N1 of the Avian flu could the being, although in this case the Volaille domesticated either clearly more at the risk. Zoonose S such as the Rage meadow foxtail or the Tuberculosis or the echinococcosis can also be easily transmitted to the gun dogs then to the Man or his livestock (ex: Tuberculosis, Myxomatosis, even diseases with prion S).

legal Consequences : penal continuations can be related to the civil responsibility of the author of the propagation of zoonoses starting from game, in particular concerning extremely contagious diseases (ex: Swine-fever) whose risk increases with the wild boar surdensities supported by the agrainage, certain hunt plans, and the ecological Fragmentation their territories.

Particular cases: the meat of bush, the meat of dead animals found on the roads, in the nature or killed with hunting and sold in the restaurants or on the markets of certain countries pose particular problems more or less well framed juridically according to the countries. In the countries known as rich, in the majority of the cases, the medical good state of the meat, in the sight of its transport and of its sale must be guaranteed by the veterinary services, increasingly more vigilant, whereas the European rules harden, in particular following free movement of the goods in the EU, and to the universalization which made increase the exchanges and with them the extension risk of zoonoses.

In Europe, the sale of dead game killed with hunting is regulated by directive 92-45 of the modified June 16th, 1992 (on medical problems and of police force medical relating to the setting with died of wild game and the marketing of wild game meats ) which applies to the intra-Community interior market and trade and game imports (it will be replaced by payments under development).
France , via the ministerial decree of August 2nd, 1995, fixed the sanitary arrangements of collection, treatment and marketing of the wild game fresh meats for better tallying and making safe this die, but the circular excluded from its field the direct sales by the hunter with the game consumer which it itself drove out, but the hunter can donner* this game. In cutting and storage are also excluded from meats estampillées in accordance with the decree, in contiguous retail stores or buildings at the sales outlet direct with the consumer, such as the farm inns for example. The decree does not apply either to the sale by the hunter, a retailer or a restorer, in minor amounts of whole parts (not stripped or not plucked); *l' veterinary examination of wild boars for detection of the trichines however obligatory remainder for the hunter.
Les hunters must set up manifold centres equipped with cold rooms. The killed wild game must be there gathered and preserved 4 at 7° C (prohibition of congelation). In 2007, some centers are already built on the spot, in the " large chasses" (enclose or not). This game is then obligatorily led by the hunter in a “workshop of treatment” which is the first link of the traceability of game put on sale, for the animals which are not subjected to the Hunt plan (that it is obligatory or not). The decree of described the characteristics and conditions operating; it is there that the first sanitary control is carried out (inspection postmortem , public health stamp, controls hygiene of the establishment, by veterinary surgeons inspectors, within the framework of the procedures of medical monitoring of the wildlife). Any workshop of treatment must obligatorily be approved (but an exemption is planned for the workshops treating less than 3 tons of game per week, and satisfying the rules applicable to the establishments of low capacity, this game can then be sold only on the local market).

A European payment of the 28-02-2002, imposes general principles and regulations of food legislation, and procedures of food safety, by instituting a European Authority of safety of food.
Une directing (n° 92-117 modified by the DCEE 97-22) relates to game and pets for protection against some zoonotic zoonoses and some agents, in order to prevent the hearths of infection and intoxication due to food derivatives.

Wounded game

the game wounded on the roads is often sick, carrying parasites, toxic or dangerous leads because wounded. In many countries, it is generally interdict to collect it, transport, sell and consume, and it must be sent to the squaring.

the game wounded with hunting can in several countries, being continued or detected by a dog known as of blood authorized for the research of wounded game. Material hunting, inspired of that of the police force is also sold to detect and follow the traces of blood or the heat of the animal (with risk of use for the poaching or a hunting which leaves little chance to the animal).

In Belgium, a decree of the Walloon government of September 22nd, 2005 raised an ambiguity on research by dog of wounded game. Indeed in this country, hunting for the approach or the mounting must be practiced by only one hunter, without pickup nor dog. This decree specifies that for the search for a wounded game, it is in any time authorized the use of a dog held with the longe and being able to be released about it in order to immobilize or to bring back game.

See too

External bonds

  • , English game,
  • GOOSE page on the risks for the public health related to the breeding of big game in Europe
  • Obligations of the holders of game birds raised, following the pandemic risk of avian flu.

Random links:Edward Whalley | Mclusky | Wilkes-bar Barons | Pelican National Island Wildlife Refuge | Feersum_Endjinn