François Tombalbaye

François Tombalbaye or Ngarta Tombalbaye was a politician of the Chad born the June 15th 1913, assassinated at the time of a coup d'etat the April 13rd 1975

Biography

Of ethnos group will sara, Sara Madjngaye, teacher of formation and of Protestant confession, François Tombalbaye is member of the Parti Chadian progressist (Pt), local section of GDR. Near to the Communists at the beginning of IVe Republic, it is elected to advise territorial Means-Chari in 1952 then vice-president of the Large Council of AEF in 1957 (under the statute of the Loi-cadre Removes iron of 1956).

As of this time, he is opposed to the deputy of West-Indian origin Gabriel Lisette. The years which precede independence are those where Tombalbaye consolidates its positions within Pt. It thus replaces its rival with the presidency of the Council of Ministers in March 1959 then in June, invested by the National Assembly, directs a government of union.

Proclaimed independence in August 1960, it succeeds in dislocating Lisette of all its mandates while prohibiting to him by telegram to return to Chad at the time of a voyage abroad. In fact, he manages to put in minority his adversary while being based on the Moslem parties of the North of Chad, first expression of a dangerous strategy which will carry out the country at the edge of the bursting and especially will support all the civil wars which will follow. He is in fact the first president of the republic of Chad.

Re-elected president in 1962, Pt proclaimed sole party, it starts little by little to cumulate the functions: head of government, then after 1966, directs itself several ministries.

In 1968, the insurrection armed with the areas of the East and North, islamist (thus opposed to the Christian Southerners which monopolizes the stations of the State) oblige France to send troops. The authoritarian abuse of Tombalbaye, already notable, is accentuated after this date.

Re-elected in June 1969, it seizes at once the full powerss. Thwarting an coup attempt of State in 1971 (orchestrated by Libya), it launches out, with the imitation of Zaire, in a violent African authenticity campaign “” (change of the patronyms, him even passer by of François with Ngarta, Extremely-Lamy and Fort-Archambault become respectively Djamena and Sarh, exaltation of the Yondo , the tribal initiation of the Sara young men, etc), not without pushing the Islamic ethnos groups with mistrust.

In April 1975, the general Malloum eliminates president Tombalbaye at the time of a coup d'etat. The Head of the State is assassinated in obscure circumstances.

Bonds

In English, a very precise analysis on the history of Chad

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