Forwarding of Morée

The forwarding of Morée is the name given in France to the terrestrial intervention of the French Army in the Peloponnese, between 1828 and 1833, at the time of the Guerre of Greek independence.

After the fall of Missolonghi, Western Europe had decided to intervene in favor of the insurgent Greece. The attitude of allied the Egyptian of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim Pasha being particularly criticized, the main objective was to obtain that it evacuated the occupied areas, the Peloponnese initially. The intervention begin with the sending from a fleet free - Russo - British which gained the Bataille of Navarin in October 1827. In August 1828, a French task force unloaded with Coron in the south of the Peloponnese. The soldiers stationed in the peninsula until the evacuation, in October, of the Egyptian troops, then they took the control of principal place-strong still held by the Turkish troops. Although the main part of the troops returned to France as of the end of 1828, the French presence continued until in 1833.

As at the time of the Countryside of Egypt of Napoleon Bonaparte, where a Commission of Sciences and Arts had accompanied military forwarding, a Scientific expedition of Morée accompanied the troops. Seventeen scientists representing various specialities: natural history or antiquities (archeology, architecture and sculpture) made the voyage. Their work was of an major importance in the knowledge of the country. The topographic charts carried out are of a very great quality and the statements, drawings, cuts, plans and proposals for a restoration on the monuments of the Peloponnese, of the Attique and of the Cyclades were, after James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, a new attempt at systematic and exhaustive inventory of the ancient Greek vestiges. The Forwarding of Morée and its publications offered an almost complete description of the visited areas. They made of it a scientific, esthetic and human inventory which remained a long time one of the best means, with share the voyage on the spot, to know them.

Context

Military and diplomatic context

Intellectual context

The philosophy of the Lumières developed the interest of Western Europe for the Greece, makes some for idealized ancient Greece. It was considered that the concepts, if important for the Lights, of Nature and Reason, had been the paramount values of the traditional Athens. The old Greek democracies, and especially Athens, became models to be imitated. One went to draw there answers to the political and philosophical problems of time. Works such as that of the Abbot Barthelemy: Voyage of the Young person Anacharsis , appeared into 1788 was used definitively to fix the image which Europe had of Égée.

The theories and the system of interpretation of the Antique art of Johann Joachim Winckelmann decided European taste for tens of years. Its major work, History of the Antique art. , was published in 1763, and was translated into French since 1766. It was, in this work, the first with périodiser the Antique art, classifying works in a chronological way and stylistique.
The sights of Winckelmann on art included the whole of civilization, since it made a parallel between level of general development of this one and evolution of the art which it read as one read at the time the life of a civilization, in terms of progress, apogee then of decline. For him, Greek art had been the top of art and it had culminated with Phidias. Winckelmann considered that the most beautiful works of art Greek moreover had been produced in geographical circumstances, political and religious ideal. This design dominated a long time the intellectual life in Europe. It classified Greek art in Antique (antiquated period), Sublime (Phidias), Beau (Praxitèle) and Declining (Roman period). The theories of Winckelmann on the evolution of art culminating in Greek art, during its Sublime time, conceived during one time of political freedom and complete nun, took part in the idealization of ancient Greece and increased the desire for going out of Greek ground. One easily then believed with him that the Good taste had been born under the sky from Greece. It could convince Europe of the 18th century that the life in ancient Greece was pure, simple and moral, and that the Alas traditional one was the source to which the artists were to go to draw the ideals of “noble simplicity and calm size”. Greece became the “fatherland of arts” and “the teacher of the taste”.

The French government had placed work of the Forwarding of Morée in the line of those of James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, which they were to supplement. The forwardings with character semi-scientist active and financed by the Société of Dilettanti remained the reference. They were the first movements of Re-discovery of ancient Greece. The first, that of Stuart and Revett in Athens and in the islands, took place in 1751-1753. That of Revett, Richard Chandler and William Pars in Asia Mineure was held between 1764 and 1766.

Lastly, “work” of Lord Elgin on the Parthenon at the beginning of the 19th century had also caused covetousness. It seemed that it was possible to constitute in Western Europe of immense collections of Antique art.

Military forwarding

Preparation

The House of Commons authorized a loan of 80 million Gold franc to make it possible the government to keep to its commitments. A task force of: 13000 with: 15000 men ordered by the lieutenant-general Maison was trained. He was composed of three brigades ordered by the brigadiers Tiburce Sébastiani, Philippe Higonet and Virgile Schneider. The chief of staff was the general Antoine Simon Durrieu.
The task force included/understood nine regiments of infantry:

1st brigade: 8 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line, 16 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line, 27 {{E}} regiment of light infantry
2nd brigade: 35 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line, 46 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line, 58 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line
3rd brigade: 29 {{E}} regiment of infantry, 42 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line, 54 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

Left also the 3 {{E}} regiment hunters to horse (ordered by the colonel Paul-Eugene de Faudoas-Barbazan), four artillery companies (parts of countryside, parts of seat and parts of mountain) of the 3 {{E}} and 8 {{E}} regiment of artillery and two companies of the genius (sappers and minors).

A fleet of transport protected by men-of-war was organized, an about sixty ships in all. It was a question of transporting the material, the vivres, the ammunition and the 1.300 horses for forwarding, but also the weapons, the ammunition and the money intended for the Greek provisional government of Kapodistrias. France wished to support the first steps of the free Greece by helping it to set up its army. The goal was of course to preserve an influence in the région.
The first brigade left Toulon the August 17th, the second the August 19th. The third brigade left only on September 1st. The general-in-chief, Nicolas Joseph House, was with the first brigade, on board the ship of the line Ville of Marseilles . The first convoy was composed of trading vessels and, in addition to the Ville of Marseilles , of the frigates the Amphitrite , the Bellone and the Cybèle . The second convoy was escorted by the ship of the line Duquesne and the frigates Iphigénie and Armide .

Operations in the Peloponnese

Unloading

The August 29th, the fleet transporting the first two brigades arrived in bay of Navarin where the joint squadron free-Russo-British wet. The Egyptian army was concentrated between Navarin and Modon. The unloading was thus risky. The fleet set sail towards the gulf of Coron protected by a fortress held by the Othomans. The task force began its unloading without any opposition as of on August 29th to the evening, to complete it the August 30th in the morning. A proclamation of the Kapodistrias governor had informed the Greek population of the imminent arrival of a French forwarding. The local population precipitated with the front of the troops as soon as they had posed the foot in Greece and food offered to them.

The camp was assembled in the plain of Mining cottage, close to Petalidi, on the site of old Coronée. The third brigade which had wiped a storm and had lost three buildings carried out its unloading with Coron the September 16th.

Departure of the Egyptian army

Ibrahim Pasha the USA of various pretexts to delay the evacuation: problems of vivres, transport or unforeseen difficulties in the handing-over of the fortified towns. The French officers had difficulties in retain the combative heat their soldiers who for example were filled with enthusiasm with (distorts) new of an imminent walk on Athens. This impatience of the troops was perhaps decisive to convince the Egyptian commander to respect his engagements. Moreover, the French soldiers started to suffer from the autumnal rains which softened their camp of tents, supporting the fevers and especially the Dysenterie. Cavaignac the September 24th writes that about thirty men on the 400 of his company of the genius were touched by the fevers. The Maison general wished capacity to establish his men in the barracks of the fortresses. The September 7th, Ibrahim Pasha accepted the evacuation of his troops as from the September 9th. The convention passed with the Maison general provided that the Egyptians would leave with weapons, luggage and horses, but without any Greek prisoner or slave. The Egyptian fleet not being able to evacuate all the army in only once, the supply of the remained troops with ground was authorized (they had just undergone a long blockade). There remained nothing any more but some Othoman soldiers to hold the various fortified towns of the Peloponnese. The following mission of the French troops were “to make safe them” and to give them to independent Greece.

The catch of the fortified towns

The October 6th, the Maison general ordered to the Higonet general to go on Navarin. It left with the 16 {{E}} regiment infantry, artillery and the men of the genious. Navarin was then besieged side sea by the fleet of the admiral Henri de Rigny and on ground by the soldiers of the Higonet general. The Turkish commander of the place refused to go:

“the Porte is in war neither with the French nor with the English; no act of hostility will be made, but the place will not be returned. ”. The other French soldiers felt insulted and their general had great difficulties of preventing them opening fire and from taking the place by the force. The Amphitrite , the Breslaw and the Wellesley lent hand-strong to the terrestrial troops. Their threat brought the Othoman commander to rendering. The October 9th, the French entered Coron and seized eighty guns and mortars and many vivres and munitions.

The Schneider general negotiated with the agas. They persisted in their refusal to go. The seat was put in front of the fortress and fourteen parts of marine and countryside, installed with a little more than 400 meters, reduced artillery of besieged to silence. The Maison general made take on board by the admiral de Rigny all his artillery and his sappers. He sent by the ground two regiments of infantry and the 3rd regiment of hunters to horse. The reinforcements arrived the October 23rd. New batteries known as “of breach” were installed. They accepted the names of Charles X, George IV, duke of Angouleme, duke of Bordeaux and the “Navy”.

French in the Peloponnese
The November 5th 1828, the last “not-Greeks”, Turks, Egyptian or Moslem in general, had evacuated the Morée. : 2500 Turks and their family were embarked on board French vessels bound for Smyrna.
The troops of the Forwarding of Morée then were gradually evacuated. The Schneider brigade, in which Cavaignac was, embarked in early April 1829. The Maison general left only the May 22nd 1829. Only one brigade remained in the Peloponnese. Troops from France raised the soldiers present in Greece: thus, the 57e regiment of infantry of line unloaded in Navarin the July 25th 1830. France withdrew itself definitively only after the arrival in Greece in January 1833 of the king Othon.
The French troops, ordered by the general Guéhéneuc, did not remain inactive during these almost five years. Fortifications were raised, like those of Navarin. Bridges were built, as on the Pamissos, between Kalamata and Modon. The road of Modon with Navarin was built. Improvements were made to the cities of Peloponnese (barracks, bridges, gardens, etc). One however needed the military victory of Russia and the Traité Turkey-red cotton to see recognized the independence of Greece.
In September 1829, one year after the military forwarding of Morée, the Greek territories which had been released, - Peloponnese and central Greece -, which was those would form independent Greece after 1832.

Scientific exhibition

The forwarding of Morée was the second of the great forwardings militaro-scientists carried out by France in first half of the 19th century. The first, the reference, had been that of Egypt starting from 1798. The last was that carried out starting from 1839 in Algérie. They were done all on the initiative of the French government and were placed under the supervision of particular ministry (Foreign relations for Egypt, Intérieur for Morée and Guerre for Algeria). The great scientific institutions recruited the scientists (who they were civil or soldiers) and their missions fixed to them, but work on the spot was done in close relationship with the armée.

The Commission of Sciences and Arts at the time of the forwarding of Egypt of Bonaparte and especially the publications which had followed had become a reference. Greece being different the great “ancient” area considered as at the origin of Western civilization (it was one of the principal arguments of philhellenes), it was decided “to benefit from the presence of our soldiers who occupied Morée to send an erudite commission. It was not to equalize that which one saw attached to the glory of Napoleon It was however to render eminent services to the letters and sciences”.
In Egypt and Algeria, the scientific work was done under the protection of the army. In Morée, the troops re-embarked whereas exploration hardly started. The army was satisfied to provide a logistical support: “of the tents, the stakes, the tools, the cans, the pots and the bags, in a word all that could be with our use in the stores of the army”.
The members of the scientific exhibition unloaded in Navarin the March 3rd 1829, after 21 days of sea.

Section of physical sciences
This section gathered in fact of many sciences: Botanical (Jean-Baptiste Bory of Saint-Vincent, Louis Despreaux Saint-Saver and Antoine Vincent Pector), Geography, Geology (Pierre Theodore Virlet d' Aoust and Emile Puillon Boblaye), Zoology. The government had insisted that a landscape designer is also sent as the Minister of Interior Department Martignac said it not to restrict the observations “with the flies and grasses, but to extend them to the places and the men. ”

Geography
One of the primary goals fixed by the French government had been to chart the Peloponnese, with a scientific aim, but also for economic reasons and soldiers. The Minister for the War, the Viscount of Caux, had written to the Maison general the January 6th 1829:
“All the charts of Greece are extremely imperfect and were drawn up on more or less inaccurate routes, it is thus essential to rectify them. Not only the geography will grow rich by this research, but one will support by there the commercial interests of France while making his relations easier, and one will be especially useful to our forces of ground and sea, which could be in the case of to act in this part of Europe. ”

In two years, a very precise chart, with the 1/200.000° on six layers, was carried out. In March 1829, a base of: 3500 Mètre S was traced in Argolide, of an angle of the ruins of Tirynthe to an angle of house in ruins in the village of Aria. It was to be used as starting point with all the operations of triangulations for the topographic and geodetic statements in the Peloponnese. Peytier and Puillon-Boblaye proceeded to many checks of the base and rules employed. The margin of error was thus reduced to 1 meter for 15 km. The Longitude and the Latitude of the point of the base with Tirynthe were raised and checked, in order to again reduce to the maximum the margin of error, estimated at 0,2 second. 134 geodesic stations were installed on the mountains of the peninsula, but also on Égine, Hydra or with Nauplie. Thus, of the equilateral triangles whose each side made 20 roughly km were drawn. The angles were measured with Théodolite S of Gambey.
The geographers suffered from the fevers as well the team of Bory of Saint-Vincent as that of Puillon-Boblaye:
“The horrible heat which attacked us in July, put, with the remainder, all the topographic brigade in distress. These Sirs, having worked with the sun, are almost all falls ills and we had the pain to see dying, there are an about eight days, Mr. Dechièvre with Napoli. ” (Bory of Saint-Vincent)

“On twelve officers employed with the geodetic service, two died and all were sick. We lost moreover two sappers and a servant. ” (Puillon-Boblaye)
Later, Kapodistrias charged Virlet d' Aoust with studied the possibility of digging a channel on the Isthme of Corinth.

Botany and zoology
Jean-Baptiste Bory of Saint-Vincent directed the scientific exhibition. It took care also more particularly of the studies of Botanique. It collected very many specimens: Flore of Morée of 1832 gathers: 1550 plants including 33 Orchis S and 91 Graminaceous S (only 42 species had not been described yet); New Flora of the Peloponnese and Cyclades of 1838 described: 1821 species. In Morée, Bory of Saint-Vincent was satisfied to collect the plants. It carried out their classification, identification and description of return in France. It was then helped, not by his collaborators of Greece, but by Louis Athanase Chaubard, Jean-Baptiste Fauché and Adolphe Brongniart. In the same way, the naturalists Etienne and Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire took part in the drafting of the scientific works of the expédition.
The plants, but also the birds or the fish were sent progressively of their harvest in France.
The forwarding of Morée confirmed the existence in Greece of the Chacal. Although former accounts of voyage mentioned its presence, one had not regarded them as worthy of faith. The species seen and described by the French was of endemic with the area. Bory of Saint-Vincent brought back skins and a cranium.

Section of the Art schools
It was formed by the Institut of France which indicated to direct it the Architecte Abel Blouet. The Institute associated Amable Ravoisié to him, Pierre Achille Poirot, Frederic de Gournay and Pierre Felix Trezel.
The architect Jean-Nicolas Huyot gave very precise instructions to this section. Extremely of its experiment in minor Asia and Egypt and under the influence of the engineers, it required to hold a true newspaper of excavation where precise details raised thanks to the watch and the compass were to be, to work out a chart of traversed space, and to describe the configuration of the ground.

Routes
The publication of archaeological and artistic work follows the same plan as the publication of work of physical sciences and natural: that of a route with descriptions of the borrowed roads, monuments remarkable along these roads and descriptions of the sites destinations. Thus, volume 1 of the Forwarding of Morée. Section of Beautiful arts. describes Navarin (pages 1 to 7) with six pages of boards (fountains, churches, fortress of Navarin and de luxe hotel of Nestor to Pylos); then on pages 9-10, route Navarin-Modon is detailed with four pages of boards (church in ruins and its frescos, but as landscapes bucolic recalling as one is not so far only that from Arcadie) and finally three pages on Modon and four pages of boards. The landscapes bucolic are rather close to the “standard” which Hubert Robert for a representation of Greece proposed. The presence of the soldiers of the task force is important, in alternation with Greek Berger S:
“(…) generous hospitality and simple and innocent manners pointed out the good weathers of the pastoral life to us to which the fiction gave the name of golden age, and which seemed to offer to us the real characters of the eclogues of Théocrite and of Virgile. ”

Archaeological forwarding traversed Navarin (Pylos), Modon, Coron, Messène and Olympie (published in the first tome cheese of the publication); the temple of Apollo with Bassae, Megalopolis, Sparte, Mantinée, Argos, Mycènes, Tirynthe and Nauplie (objects of the second volume); the Cyclades (Syros, Kéa, Mykonos, Délos, Naxos and Milo), the Cape Sounion, Égine, Épidaure, Trézène, Némée, Corinth, Sicyone, Patras, Elect, Kalamata, the Magne, the course Ténare, Monemvasia, Athens, Salamine and Éleusis (treated in the third volume).
Edgar Quinet had left with the remainder Forwarding. But, as of its arrival in Greece, it disunited his companions. He traversed only the Peloponnese, visited Pirée the April 21st 1829 from where he gained Athens. He traversed in May Cyclades starting from Syros. He returned to France as of the June 5th. Its modern Greece and its relationship with Antiquity. appeared in September 1831.

Methods of exploration

The artistic and archaeological exploration of the Peloponnese proceeded as one then practiced archaeological research in Greece. The first stage was always an attempt at checking on the spot (a form of autopsy as Hérodote did it) texts of the ancient authors: Homère, Pausanias or Strabon. Thus, in Navarin, the site of the palate of Nestor was given starting from Homère and of the adjectives “inaccessible” and “sandy”. For Modon, “the ancient remainders of the port of which description agree that of Pausanias perfectly suffice to determine in an unquestionable way the site of the ancient city. ”
After having explored Navarin, Modon and Coron, the members of forwarding went to Messène where they spent one month starting from the April 10th.

Olympie

Forwarding spent six weeks starting from the May 10th 1829 to Olympie. Abel Blouet and Dubois undertook the first excavations there. They were accompanied painters Poirot, Trezel and Duval. The archaeological advice of Huyot was taken:
“According to the instructions which had been given to him by the commission of the Institute, this antique dealer (Dubois) had made begin excavations whose result had been the discovery of the first sat of two columns of the pronaos and some fragments of sculpture. ”
The site was squared and of the surveys were practiced on line. Archeology was rationalized. The site of the temple of Zeus was thus determined. One started to leave simple hunting for the trésor.
The paramount contribution of the Scientific exhibition of Morée was indeed its quasi-disinterest for plundering and hunting for the treasures. Blouet refused the excavations being likely to damage the monuments, and prohibited which one mutilated the statues to carry a fragment of it, without separate interest of the remainder. For this reason, perhaps, the three Métope S of the temple of Zeus discovered in Olympie were carried in their entirety. However, this will to protect the integrity from the monument was an epistemological progress some.

Byzantine Greece
The interest of the French was not limited to Antiquity. They described and drew also the Byzantine monuments. Very often, until there at the travellers, only counted ancient Greece, Greece medieval and modern was ignored. Blouet, in its Expédition of Morée gave very precise information on the churches which it met. Thus, board 9 (I, II and III) of volume 1 is devoted to:
“Plane, cut and perspective sight of the one of the two small churches of the village of Osphino, located on the leaning one of the mountain on the left of the road of Navarin at Modon; (…) ; its interior, decorated painting with frescos is divided into two parts by a wall which forms at the bottom a small closed sanctuary in which the priest for officer is held. ”

The creation of the French School of Athens
The results obtained by the Scientific exhibition of Morée made feel the need for creating a stable and permanent structure which would make it possible to prolong work. Starting from 1846, it was possible “to continue systematically and permanently the work started so glorieusement and so fortunately with the Scientific exhibition of Morée. ” thanks to the installation street Didot, with the foot of the Lycabette, the French scientific institution.

Publications

Abel Blouet and Amable Ravoisié, Scientific exhibition of Morée, ordered by the French government. Structure, Sculptures, Inscriptions and Sights of the Peloponnese, Cyclades and Attic. , Firmin Didot, 1831. (3 volumes)

J.B. Bory of Saint-Vincent, Relation of the voyage of the scientific Commission of Morée in the Peloponnese, Cyclades and the Attic. , Levrault, 1836-1838. 2 volumes and an atlas.

J.B. Bory of Saint-Vincent (and collaborators), Scientific exhibition of Morée. Section of physical sciences. , volume II Geography and geology. , 1834.

J.B. Bory of Saint-Vincent (and collaborators), Scientific exhibition of Morée. Section of physical sciences. , volume III Botanique says also Flore of Morée. , 1832.

J.B. Bory of Saint-Vincent (and Louis Athanase Chaubard), New Flora of the Peloponnese and Cyclades. , 1838 (re-examined and increased edition Flora of Morée. of 1832).

E. Puillon-Boblaye, geographical Research on the ruins of Morée. , Levrault, 1836.

See too

Internal bonds

Members of military forwarding

Lieutenant-general Nicolas Joseph House, ordering Task force

Brigadier Tiburce Sébastiani

Brigadier Philippe Higonet

Brigadier (genius) Virgile Schneider

General Antoine Simon Durrieu (chief of staff)

Major Gregoire Benoist (voluntary)

First mate Louis Eugene Cavaignac (genius)

General Guillaume Corbet

Colonel Amédée Despans-Cubières

Colonel, then brigadier general (artillery) Jean Ernest Ducos de Lahitte

François Dominique Victor Esperonnier (artillery, major and genius)

Colonel Charles Nicolas Fabvier, philhellene having organized the Greek army, charged with accompanying forwarding for its knowledge by the ground

Colonel Paul-Eugene de Faudoas-Barbazan

General Charles Louis Joseph Olivier Guéhéneuc (the brigade ordered which remained in the Peloponnese of 1828 to 1833)

Sebastien-Louis-Gabriel Jorry, governor of the place of Navarin

Pierre François Lacenaire (deserted during Forwarding)

Joseph Charles Maurice Mathieu of Redorte (artillery)

Colonel Felix-Louis de Narp

Auguste Regnaud of Midsummer's Day d' Angély (voluntary, cavalry and philhellene)

Colonel Joseph-Marcellin Rullière

Sous-chef of staff Camille Alphonse Trézel

Troops concerned

8 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

16 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

27 {{E}} regiment of light infantry

29e regiment of infantry

35 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

42 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

46 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

54 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

58 {{E}} regiment of infantry of line

2nd regiment of the genius or 3rd regiment of the genius

3rd regiment of hunters with horse

Members of the scientific exhibition and dependant personalities
Note : It is very difficult to find a complete listing and exhaustive members of the scientific exhibition. It is very often necessary to conjecture starting from partial information. Names preceded by “(??) ” are those found in the various sources, but still douteux.

Jean-Baptiste Bory of Saint-Vincent (officer, naturalist and geographer), chief of the Scientific exhibition and one of the principal authors of dedicated works to this exploration.

Guillaume Abel Blouet (architect), section head of the Art schools and one of the principal authors of dedicated works to this exploration.

Prosper Baccuet (painter)

Gabriel Bibron (zoologist, naturalist assistance)

Gaspard Auguste Brullé (entomologist)

Gerard Paul Deshayes (geologist and conchyliologist)

Louis Despreaux Saint-Saver (botanist)

(??) Jean Marie Joseph Of Wood-Aymé (archeologist) or (??) Frederic Dubois de Montpéreux (archeologist)

Amaury Duval (painter)

Frederic de Gournay (painter)

(??) Pierre-Narcisse Guerin (painter)

Colonel Pierre Lapie (geographer, topographer)

Antoine Vincent Pector (botanist)

Pierre Peytier (engineer geographer)

Pierre Achilles Poirot (painter)

Emile Puillon Boblaye (geologist)

Edgar Quinet (historian) and author on his return of Of modern Greece, and its relationship with antiquity.

Amable Ravoisié (archeologist)

Pierre Felix Trezel (painter)

Pierre Theodore Virlet d' Aoust (geologist)

External bonds

Abel Blouet, '' Scientific exhibition of Morée: Structure, Sculptures, Inscriptions '' (navigation of the German site in )

Bory of Saint-Vincent, '' Scientific exhibition of Morée: Section of physical sciences. Botany '', T. III. 2nd part

Bory of Saint-Vincent, '' Scientific exhibition of Morée: Section of physical sciences. Atlas, 1831-1835. '' (botanical boards)

Jean Schmitz, Territorialisation of the knowledge and invention of the Mediterranean , in Books of African studies , n°165 (2002)

Note on the geodetic operations carried out in Morée, 1829 and 1830 , by Misters Peytier, Puillon-Boblay and Servier; followed by a catalog of the geographical positions of the principal points determined by these operations. ”, in Bulletin of the Company of geography , T. 19 n°117-122 (janv. - June 1833)

'' The Scientific exhibition of Moree and has map off the Peloponnesus. '' on the site of the University of Stanford

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