Fernand-Leonce Emile Pelloutier was born on October 1st 1867 and deceased March 13rd 1901 with Paris. It is one of the great figures of the Syndicalisme French at the 19th century.

Rebellious spirit in a family of tradition monarchist, it stops his studies after a failure with the baccalaureat and becomes journalist in 1886. It is initially attracted by the republican ideas, then rejoins the Socialisme and adheres to the working Parti French of Jules Guesde in 1892. He wrote with Aristide Briand a booklet entitled Of the revolution by the general strike . But Pelloutier is then allured by the anarchistic ideas .

Elected official secretary of the National federation of the Stock Exchanges of Work in 1895, it criticizes the terrorist strategy of Ravachol and prefers to develop the Labor markets.

Under its direction, the number of purses strongly progresses, passing from 33 in 1894, to 81 in 1901. By their vocation and their function, these places appear with the eyes of exploited more effective and pragmatic that simple the trade unions of trade. For Pelloutier, the labor markets are the expression of the integral trade unionism. They are thought like organizations of solidarity, the purses being equipped with various services of reciprocity: labor exchanges, cases of solidarity, sick-benefit funds, unemployment, death…

These places are equipped with libraries intended to make it possible to the workers to better include/understand their situation by the readings of Adam Smith, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Karl Marx, Kropotkine, Emile Zola, Bakounine… It also organizes courses of the evening there.

It will stick as well to develop the Stock Exchanges as to maintain their autonomy within the framework of a CGT which it sees with mistrust. After having had all its life of the troubles of health, he dies prematurely and in the destitution in 1901.