Ferdinand Ier of Naples

Ferdinand Ier of Naples , also called Shoeing of Aragon, born in 1423, died in 1494, king de peninsular Sicile (king de Naples) (1458 - 1494), wire illegitimate of Alphonse V, king d' Aragon and of Sicily, and Giraldona Carlino.

Biography

It had to fight a long time the claims of Jean of Calabria, wire of Rene of Anjou: overcome initially with Sarno (1460), there remained victorious with Troïa (1462). This victory is partly obtained thanks to the reinforcement of Albanian mercenaries, the Arbëresh, which since settled in the south of Italy.

Ferdinand will engage since 1472 a policy of bringing together with the Holy See, by marrying one of his/her illegitimate daughters with the nephew of the pope Sixte IV. In 1475, it goes to Rome to act in concert with the pope following the conclusion of a defensive alliance between the Duché of Milan, the République of Florence and the République of Venice. In 1478 it is combined with Sixte IV and the République of His against Laurent de Médicis, but this one goes personally to Naples where it manages to negotiate a honourable peace with Ferdinand which agrees to give up its allies.

In 1480, the forces of the Ottoman Empire, with the orders of Mehmed II seize Otranto and massacre the majority of the inhabitants, but the city is taken again the following year by the son of Ferdinand, Alphonse, duke of Calabria.

In 1482, starts the Guerre of Ferrare where the Royaume of Naples is opposed to Venice and to the pope.

In 1484, benefitting from the relative weakness of the Papal States, Ferdinand requires the apuration of a territorial dispute: he asks that be attached to its kingdom the pontifical enclaves of Bénévent, Terracina and Pontecorvo. The new pope Innocent VIII tries to save time. Benefitting from a revolt of part of the nobility of the Neapolitan kingdom, exasperated by the authoritative government of Ferdinand, the pope goes interdependent of revolted and declares the war at Neapolitan on October 14th 1485. Milan, Florence and the king de Hongrie, Mathias Corvin, son-in-law of king Ferdinand line up on his side. Whereas the operations turn in favor of Naples, the pope calls upon the king de France Charles VIII which can be interested to assert the rights angevins on the crown of Naples, rights which he inherited by will. To counter this danger, Ferdinand is shown adapting and agreed to sign peace on August 11th 1486. However this one does not respect the terms of the peace treaty which envisaged a general amnesty of noble being revolted, and it makes assassinate treacherously most of entreated. Very quickly Ferdinand challenges the other clauses of the peace treaty of which the payment of the tribute due to the pope, his suzerain, and the nomination by the pope for the ecclesiastical benefits of the Neapolitan kingdom. However in January 1492, the two parts manage an agreement: Ferdinand agrees to pour the annual tribute and to recognize its feudal dependence in exchange of what the pope promulgates a bubble recognizing with the detriment of the king of France Charles VIII the legitimacy of the Aragonese dynasty on the Neapolitan kingdom. The agreement is sealed by the marriage of the grandson of Ferdinand with the niece of the pope.

With died from Innocent VIII, the new pope Alexandre VI is elected against the candidate pushed by Ferdinand. To acquire the good graces of this one and its support against Charles VIII who prepares, since 1493, with the encouragements of the duke of Milan, Ludovic Sforza, to invade Italy to recover the kingdom of Naples, Ferdinand negotiates the marriage of his/her Sancha little girl with the son of the pope, Geoffroi Borgia.

He dies on January 25th, 1494 corroded of concern little time before the release of the Guerres of Italy which will end soon in the event that he had dreaded throughout his reign: the deposition of his/her son and successor Alphonse II

Ferdinand Ier left the image of a false and cruel prince; its people raised themselves several times against him; but he managed to maintain his authority by terror.

Marriage and descent

He married in first weddings in 1444 Isabel de Chiaramonte († 1465) from where are resulting:

* Alphonse II (1448 † 1495), king de Naples

* Eléonore (1450 † 1493), married 1473 with Hercules Ier d' Este, duke of Modena and Ferrare

* Frederic II (1452 † 1504)

* Jean (1456 † 1485), cardinal and archbishop of Tarente

* Beatrice of Naples (1457 † 1508), married in 1476 with Matthias Hunyadi, king de Bohême and of Hungary, then in 1490 with Vladislas II, king de Bohême and of Hungary

* François (1461 † 1486), duke of Saint-Angel

It remaria in 1476 with the infante Jeanne d' Aragon (1454 † 1517), her German cousin, girl of Jean II of Aragon and Jeanne Enríquez, from where:

* Jeanne (1478 † 1518), married to her nephew Ferdinand II of Naples

* Charles (1480 † 1486)

Ferdinand also had a certain number of illegitimate children: Of its mistress Diana Guardato

* Jeanne d' Aragon (1455 † 1501), married in 1472 with Leonardo della Rovere, prefect of Rome, duke of Sora nephew of the pope Sixth IV and brother of the pope Jules II.

Of its mistress Eulalia Ravignano

* Marie d' Aragon (1473 † 1513), married in 1487 in Gian Giordano Orsini

Of its mistress Giovanna Caracciola

* Arrigo d' Aragon († 1478), marquis of Gerace

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