Fédor III
Fédor III Alékséévitch or Fiodor III Alekséévitch (in Russian: Фёдор III Алексеевич) (June 9th 1661 - May 7th 1682) Tsar of Russia of 1676 with 1682. Wire of Alexis I {{er}} says “the very peaceful tsar” and of Maria Miloslavskïa (1626-1669). In 1680 he marries Agaphia Grouchetskïa (1665-1681). In 1682, he marries Martha Apraxina (1664-1716).
Its tutor, Siméon de Polotsk, in general give him the taste of the study and sciences in particular. It is intelligent but is very weak physically. Scrofuleux, it has all the sorrows of the world to move and the witnesses of the time agree to say that it is condemned to die young person.
Although decreased physically, he honestly endeavors to control his country. Arrived at the capacity at the fifteen years age, it takes as advising and " first ministre" , a prince boyard of the name of Vassili Golitsyne. This character, probably selected because it is very close to the sister of the tsar Sophia Alexeievna (in fact, it is his lover), is an excellent head of government who agrees on the political sights of Fédor.
On the external level, Fédor and Golitsyne start a policy of opening on the Occident. Wars take place against Poland and the Ottoman Empire. A thirty years peace, in 1680, puts an end to the Polish war. One year later, Russo-Turkish peace yields to Turkey the Western part of the Ukraine (in the west of the Dniepr) less Kiev.
On the internal plan, the Russian government undertakes a reform of the army which will be supplemented later by Pierre Large the. It also decides to abolish the mestnitchestvo , the right of precedence of the boyards of the governmental high positions.
Fédor III is the first tsar who with the idea to found a Russian Academy where one would teach matters as various as Latin, the history and sciences. He would like to make of it a governmental school open to all the social classes, but she will never be born, for lack of time.
Fédor III had inaugurated its reign by exiling Narychkine, family of the second wife of her father, who had adapted the key governmental stations at the time of his marriage. However, the crisis broods because the children of Fédor die very young people. His/her young brother, Ivan, are one remained. It has also a half-brother, Pierre, born from Natalia Narychkina, which is healthy of spirit but is only ten years old. Miloslavski, Sophia at the head, are opposed of all their forces to the choice of Pierre.
The tsar seems to be on the point of choosing Pierre as successor when he dies in 21 years, in 1682, taken colics after having eaten a tart with blackberries. Some suspected Sophia Alexeievna of having poisoned it.