Epizooty

A epizooty (marked " épizo-oti" , of the Greek " zôotês" : animal nature, and not " épizossi") is a Zoonose which evolved/moved in epidemic striking, in a more or less vast area, a Espèce Animal E or a group of Espèce S as a whole. If epizooty touches a Continent or the world, one will speak about Panzootie, whereas if it strikes an area in a constant way (stable Incidence) or at certain determined times, one will speak about enzootie.

If the epizootic infection is transmissible with the man (case of the Tuberculose, the Peste, the Avian flu, the Rage, etc), one will speak then about Anthropo-epizooty. Some of these Anthropo-epizooty S which can be bipolar: the man contaminates animal then the animal contaminates the man, etc It is the case of the Tuberculose. Thus in France, where the bovine tuberculosis, could be éradiquée since the Années 1960, them (very rare) new noted cases are all due to a transmission man --> animal (it is incontestably an apprehension for the veterinary services).

Historical cases of epizooties

Swine-fever, by country, of 1990 with 2000

- 1990: Germany and Belgium.
- 1993: France, 4.000 Pig S shot down.
- 1994: Germany, several tens of thousands of Pig S shot down.
- 1997: Germany, then Netherlands, Belgium, Spain. 12 Batavian million Pig S shot down.
- 2000: Great Britain, 10.000 animals shot down.

Avian flu

- 1997: 1,3 million Chicken S shot down with Hongkong, 4 people deceased of a virus H5N1.
- 2003 with 2006: the Avian flu due to the H5N1 extends in more than 50 countries, with more than 100 human cases.

epizootic Entérocolite, 1997:

- In France, Spain, Portugal, of the hundreds of thousands of young rabbits dies.

Foot-and-mouth disease

- 1967 - 1968: Great Britain, 2.364 sick animals and 442.000 shot down. Cost: 16 billion frankly S today.
- 1974: France.
- 1993: Italy, 11.000 animals shot down.
- 1994 and 1996: Greece.
- 1997: Taiwan, 6.000 breedings of Pig S contaminated.
- Mars 2001: China, at least 60.000 contaminated heads of cattle, massive demolitions.

ESB (mad cow) 1986 - 2001 (cases announced to the end of February):

- 177.417 in Great Britain,
- 2.390 in Ireland,
- 695 with Guernesey,
- 509 with the Portugal,
- 367 in Swiss,
- 245 in France.

List highly contagious epizooties

The list has indexes the communicable diseases having a great capacity of diffusion, a particular gravity and a notable economic impact.
  • Clavelée and caprine Variola
  • contagious nodular Dermatosis
  • Foot-and-mouth disease
  • Fever catarrhale of the sheep
  • Fever of the valley of the highly pathogenic Rift
  • Bird influenza
  • Péripneumonie contagious bovine
  • Cattle plague
  • African equine Plague
  • Plague of the small ruminants
  • African swine fever
  • traditional Swine-fever
  • Disease of Newcastle
  • vesiculate Disease of the pig
  • vesiculate Stomatitis

See too

External bonds

  • the international Office of epizooties
  • Duplicated contagious diseases of the schools French veterinary surgeons

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