Emile Loubet

Emile Loubet , born the December 30th 1838 with Marsanne (Drome), dead the December 20th 1929 with Montélimar (Drome), is a statesman French, President of the French Republic (February 18th 1899 - February 18th 1906) under the Third Republic.

Biography

Before the presidency

Emile Loubet is a moderate republican. During its studies of right (it will be, later, lawyer with the bar of Montélimar), it becomes acquainted with Leon Gambetta and enters to its continuation in policy. After electbeing elected Mayor of Montélimar, it sits on the left of the hemicycle of the National Assembly starting from February 20th, 1876.

June 18th, 1877, it belongs to the 363 appointed " Block of Gauches" who vote the distrust with the government of moral Ordre of the Duc of Broglie. The Room is then dissolved by the President of the Republic, the Marshal of Mac-Mahon. Loubet, like its fellow-members, is sanctioned and loses (temporarily) its load of mayor.

It is with the Sénat that Emile Loubet will make the majority of his political long career. It there is elected in 1885 and quickly becomes a major actor of the Republican left. It is named Secrétaire of the Upper House, then integrates the Committee of supply as a general reporter of the budget.

Its governmental experiment is altogether reduced: he had been only Public Minister for Labor in the first government of Pierre Tirard of December 1887 in April 1888. Two years later, President Sadi Carnot entrusts to him the presidency of the Council (February-November 1892). Loubet is reserved in more the post of minister of the interior. Its government will be carried by the storm of the Scandale of Panama. Loubet remains Beauvau place in the cabinet following under the direction of Alexandre Ribot.

January 1st, 1896, Emile Loubet becomes the president of the Senate after the resignation of Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour. For this reason, it is him which announces on February 17th, 1899 the death of the president Felix Faure.

The election with the presidency of the Republic

The sudden death of president Faure opens the race with the Presidency. The election will put in list the two tendencies resulting from the controversy on the Dreyfus business: on the right antidreyfusards, on the left supporters of Dreyfus. The first had until now one as of theirs in the Elysium: Felix Faure had supported the adversaries of the revision of the lawsuit of Dreyfus. For the antidreyfusards, the stake was of size: to elect one as of theirs to support their cause.

Two candidates get clear quickly: Emile Loubet and Jules Méline, Méline being the antidreyfusard (it had declared in 1897: " there is no Dreyfus" business;).

Very quickly, the name of Loubet is essential. However Loubet had never expressed opinion on the Business. There had remained systematically neutral on the question. It is its not-compromising with the antidreyfusards which in made gradually the champion of the supporters of Dreyfus: Georges Clémenceau makes her favorite of it. The Republicans wish a common candidate, but not radical. Loubet had already been had a presentiment of to succeed Sadi Carnot. By learning the candidature from the President of the Senate, Jules Méline withdraws his.

Emile Loubet is elected President of the Republic by the Congress at this meeting in Versailles on February 18th, 1899 by 483 votes against 279 in Jules Méline (who, in spite of the withdrawal of his candidature, obtained voices). The election had two immediate repercussions: Paul Déroulède tried without success to make a coup d'etat to reverse the Third Republic and Loubet was personally attacked by the baron Christiani with Auteuil in June 1899. The baron was écroué and condemned to 10 years of prison firm.

The Presidency 1899 - 1906

The presidency of Loubet was one of most stable Third Republic. Only 4 presidents of the Council followed one another Matignon: Charles Dupuy, Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, Emile Combes and Maurice Rouvier.

Interior policy

From the point of view of the interior policy, the septennate of Emile Loubet occurred in the strict respect from the republican tradition: the President had a role of official representation. Its authority, to the minimum reduced, was exerted on the interior policy of the State only by influence, persuasion and council.

The septennate of Emile Loubet was the theater of outstanding decisions in the history of the French Republic: grace of the Captain Dreyfus (Emile Loubet had always been a burning supporter of Dreyfus), promulgation of the law on associations and, especially, of the law on the Separation of the Church and the State.

Foreign policy

It is within the framework of the foreign politics that the President was implied the most. He advised and directed in his broad outlines this policy. The septennate was also marked by an intense diplomatic activity, its point of organ having been the signature of the Harmony between France and Great Britain.

At the end of its presidential mandate, he was the first president of the Third Republic to leave the Elysium after having achieved a complete mandate (before him, Jules Grévy had already finished a first septennate but, re-elected, he had not been at the end of the second, having to resign following the scandal of decorations). He withdrew then political life.

Electoral mandates

Governmental loads

External bonds

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