Economic relocalization

One can define the economic relocalizations in two manners:

In a strict sense, it is the return in their country of origin of productive units, assembly or assembly delocalized before in various forms in the countries with wage low costs.
With the extended direction, the relocalization seems the deceleration of the process of delocalization towards the countries with low wages, or the questioning of the decisions of delocalization or the not-delocalization in the sectors sensitive to the competition by the costs.

Classically, one distinguishes four phases from relocalizations:

That of the end of the Years 1970, which leads especially the American Multinationale S in the electronics industry and the Semi-conducteur S.
That of the German firms , in the Années 1980 - 1990, moved by factors symmetrically opposite with those which justified the Délocalisations: reduction of the unit costs thanks to the Automation and the Robot isation of the segments of manufacture and assembly on the one hand and the reduction of the transaction and costs of transport in general on the other hand.
That of the middle of the years 1990 corresponds to strategies of optimization of the cycle of the product in computing industries, telecommunication and mobile telephony.
That which emerges since the Années 2000 in the services and manufacturing industry. These cases remain marginal compared to the extent of the delocalizations.

These relocalizations answer two logics:

problems of imperfection of the finished product;
logics of rationalization of the production of the great groups which are centred on their markets of origin.

And one can locate three determining factors of the relocalization:

diffusion of the technological change through new technologies of processes (flexible technologies) and the innovations of products;
organisational innovations;
the uncertainty of the Request.

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