Data-processing chronology

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Generations of data processing

• First generation: relay with the lamps

• Second generation: the Transistor S
• Third generation: the integrated circuits
• Fourth generation: the Microcomputer S
• Fifth generation: Graphical interface and networks

First steps of data processing

1640:

• the Pascaline: mechanical computer with wheel of Blaise Pascal

1801:

• the weaving loom programmable Joseph Marie Jacquard

1820:

• the machine with differences of Charles Babbage

1876

• the Differential analyzer of James Thomson

1890:

• Invention of the Perforated card of Hermann Hollerith

The time of the pioneers

1931

• Creation of Bull

1935

• the Callies family, jointly with other shareholders of the Papeteries Aussedat decides to take the majority control of Bull.

1937

• Design of the first specialized electronic computer of John Vincent Atanasoff

1940

• First Universal Electronic Computer of John Eckert and John Mauchly (ENIAC)

1941

• the Zuse 3 (or Z3) of Konrad Zuse

• the ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)

1943

• the Harvard Mark I

• Colossus

1945

• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
• Creation of the first Computer programming language: the Plankalkül by the engineer Konrad Zuse

1948

• Invention of the Transistor by John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain

1949

• EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calcultor)

1951

• UNIVAC I of John Eckert and John Mauchly

• the Whirlwind

1953

• IBM 701 and IBM 650

1954

• Creation of the FORTRAN, first Computer programming language with being implemented on a Computer

1956

• IBM leaves the first Hard drive: RAMAC 305

1957

• Control Dated 1604 (with the first Transistor S)

1958

• the Integrated circuit by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby

• the Gamma 60 Multi-task, first computer , and one of the first Multiprocessor S

1959

• the COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)

1962

• In France, manufacture of CAE 510

• Invention of the data-processing word by Philippe Dreyfus

1963

• Invention of the mouse by Douglas Engelbart of the Stanford Research Institute

1964

• the IBM 360

• PDP-8 of DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation)
• Invention of the Computer programming language BASIC

1965

• the Law of Moore of Gordon Moore: “the capacity of the processors will double every 18 months. ”

1967

• Creation of INRIA

• Creation of Sogeti by Serge Kampf.

1968

• Revision of the language COBOL.

1969

• Creation of Unix

• Creation of the general Company of data processing

1970

• the Altair IV

Beginnings of the Microprocessing

1971

• Intel 4004, the first Microprocessor of Marcian Hoff

• Creation of the Language C and the language PASCAL

1972

• Creation of SAP AG

1974

• SCELBI, 8-H, Intel 8008

• the Altair 8800 equipped with the first Altair BASIC of Bill Gates and Paul Allen

1975

• Foundation of Microsoft with the Altair BASIC of Bill Gates and Paul Allen

1976

• the first supercomputer: CRAY I

• Foundation of Apple and launching of the Apple I by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

1977

• Apple: launching of the APPLE II

• Left the first Commodore FART

1980

• the “Data-processing French law and Freedoms” between into force

• Invention of the Compact Disc (CD)
• ZX80 of Cleaves Sinclair

1981

• the IBM PC

• Microsoft: MS-DOS
• ZX81

1982

• the Commodore 64

• Microsoft: Left MS-DOS
• Scott Fahlman invents the Smiley.

1983

• Apple: the Apple LISA

• Creation of the language C++ and the Turbo Pascal

1984

• Amstrad : exit of CPC 464

• Apple: exit of the Macintosh and Mac OS
• FSF: creation of the Free Software Foundation
• FSF: the license LPG
• FSF: the project GNU

1985

• Foundation of NeXT by Steve Jobs after Apple
• the first Amiga Commodore: the Amiga 1000 with AmigaOS 1.0
• the Atari ST
• Microsoft: Windows 1.0
• CD-ROM

1987

• OS/2 of IBM
• Microsoft: Windows 2.0

The era of Internet and the World Wide Web

1989

• Left the system NeXTSTEP of NeXT

• Beginning of Internet TCP/IP general public

1990

• BeOS of Jean-Louis Gassée

• the first waiter of the World Wide Web NeXT Cubes Steve Jobs

1991

• Linux : first core Linux 0.01

• Apple: exit of the System 7

1992

• Microsoft: Ms Windows 3.1 and 3.11

1993

• Launching of the Intel Pentium

• Microsoft: Ms Windows NT
• Internet: Mosaic, the first navigator Web

1994

• Apple: launching of the Power Macintosh containing processor PowerPC

• Internet: creation of Netscape

1995

• DVD

• Microsoft: left Windows 95
• SCO becomes owner of UNIX
• Définition of the reference frame Dublin Core on the Métadonnée S
• Linux: Exit of the cores Linux 1.2
• Creation of the computer programming language Java

1996

• Microsoft: exit of Windows NT 4

• Microsoft: birth of Microsoft Internet Explorer
• Linux: exit of the core 2.0
• Linux: creation of Tux, the mascot of Linux

1997

• Apple: exit of Mac OS 8

• In France, mission on the E-business

1998

• Apple: return of Steve Jobs at Apple

• Apple: launching of the IMac
• Microsoft: exit of Windows 98

1999

• Linux : exit of the core 2.2

• Apple: exit of Mac OS 9

2000

• Microsoft: exit of Windows 2000 and Windows Me

• Launching of the projects UDDI and EbXML

2001

• Linux : exit of the core 2.4

• Microsoft: exit of Windows XP
• Apple: exit of Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah (March) then Mac OS X 10.1 Puma (September)
• Foundation of Wikipédia by Jimmy Wales

2002

• MorphOS 1.0

• Microsoft: exit of the family Windows Server 2003
• Apple: exit of Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar

2003

• Apple: launching of the Power Mac G5, left Mac OS X 10.3 Panther

• Linux: the number of Linux users is estimated at 18 million * First World summit on the company of information to Geneva.

2004

• Linux : exit of the core 2.6, the stable last version currently

• Mozilla: release of the first stable version of Mozilla Firefox 1.0

2005

• Apple: left Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger , announces passage of architecture PowerPC with the X86 of Intel

2006

• Microsoft: exit of Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0 famous for the occasion in Windows Internet Explorer

• Mozilla : exit of Mozilla Firefox 2.0

2007

• Microsoft: exit of Windows Vista
• Apple: exit of Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard

See too

See also: Chronology of the computer programming languages

External bonds

• '' Chronologie of the data-processing history ''
• '' detailed Chronologie of all the data-processing history since prehistory ''
• '' Chronologie of the operating system Unix ''
• '' Chronologie of the operating system Microsoft Windows ''
• '' Chronologie of the data-processing languages ''

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