Dam Saint-Pétersbourg
The dam Saint-Petersbourg (Russian Ru КомплексзащитныхсооруженийСанкт-Петербургаотнаводнений) is a work built through the Baie of Neva (located at the bottom of the Golfe of Finland in the Baltic); it is intended to protect Saint-Petersbourg from the floods of the river Néva which crosses the city.
The stopping goes from Malaja Ishora (МалаяИжора) to Sestrorezk (Сестрорецк) while passing by the island of Kotline or is the town of Kronstadt.
The construction of this gigantic work started in 1978. The floods of Saint-Petersbourg by Nevasont, contrary to what occurs elsewhere, not started by a water surge coming from the higher course but by the wind of west which prevents water of Neva from running out towards the broad one or even pushes back water of the river. Since the foundation of the city in 1703,297 floods were recorded, including 3 with a rise of water higher than 3 meters.
After the large flood of 1824 engineer Basen (ПётрПетровичБазен) worked on a project of stopping through the gulf of Finland, which was regarded at the time as unrealizable. Later of other projects of work of protection against the high waters were studied of which the " alternative ouest" (which corresponds about to the layout of the stopping in construction) and the alternative is which consists with contruire a work along western bank of the city. The western alternative was studied in the Sixties by the Hydrological Institut of Leningrad under the direction of N.E. Kondratïev. In 1979, work of Embankment of a stopping, based on the western alternative, started. In December 1984, the island of Kotline was connected to northern bank of the gulf of Finland. Construction however was stopped at the end of the years 1980 because of the attack to the environment: the stopping prevented the circulation of coastal water, most of water stagnated and water quality had strongly dropped. It was feared that the whole of bay is transformed into a Marécage. Construction began again however in 1990 with the assistance of Dutch specialists and the financial support in the European Investment Bank. But like fears with respect to the environment remain, the subject is always discussed in Saint-Petersbourg.
The stopping consists of 11 stoppings distinct a cumulated length of 25,4 km and is overcome by a highway with 6 ways.
Russian president Vladimir Poutine asked so that construction be completed for 2008.
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