The Republic of Daguestan or Republic of Daghestan (Cyrillic: РеспубликаДагестaн) is a federal prone of the Fédération of Russia (republic). It is the largest Republic of Russia in the North of the the Caucasus, in surface and population.

Geography

Daguestan is located in the mountains of the the Northern Caucasus. It is the part more in the South of Russia. In the Caucasus, Daguestan occupies primarily the oriental party of the high plateaus which prolongs, in north, a plain with the semi-arid climate.

Cours d' water

There is more than 1 800 cours d' water in the republic. Among the principal ones one finds:

Coasts

The coasts of Daguestan extend on more than 400 km along the Caspian Sea

Mountains

The majority of the territory of the republic are mountainous, with the large Caucasian mountains covering the south. The culminating point is the peak of Bazardiouzi to 4.466 Mr.

Daguestan remained safe from its high mountains a long time, as ignored world. This relative insulation enabled him to safeguard its culture and its artistic originality.

Natural resources

The ground of Daguestan is rich in Pétrole, Natural gas, coal and others.

Climate

The climate is hot and dry in summer but the winters are hard in the mountainous regions.
  • Average temperature in January : +2°C
  • Average temperature in July : +30°C
  • Precipitation S annual averages : from 200 (plains of North) to 800 mm (mountains).

Administrative divisions

Leitartikel: Subdivisions of the Republic of Daguestan.

Demography

The mountainous ground preventing the voyages and the communications, Daguestan is of a not very common ethnic diversity, and still largely tribal. Contrary to the other parts of Russia, the population of Daguestan increases quickly, mainly because of immigration.

  • Population : 2.576.531 (2002)

    • Urban : 1.102.577 (42,8  %)
    • Rural : 1.473.954 (57,2  %)
    • Men : 1.242.437 (48,2  %)
    • Women : 1.334.094 (51,8  %)
  • Women for 1000 men : 1.074
  • Middle Age : 25,2 years
    • Urban : 25,1 years
    • Rural : 25,2 years
    • Men : 24,0 years
    • Women : 26,3 years
  • Many hearths : 570.036 (with 2.559.499 inhabitants)
    • Urban : 239.338 (with 1.088.814 inhabitants)
    • Rural : 330.698 (with 1.470.685 inhabitants)

Ethnicities

There is not only one ethnicity named Daguestani . The people of Daguestan include more than one dozen of groups of important size:

  • People daguestani - 80  % including/understanding:
    • People of the linguistic group Daguestani
      • Avars - approximately 758.438
      • Dargins - approximately 425.526
      • Lezgins - more than 336.698
      • Tabasarans - approximately 110.152
      • Routouls - approximately 24.298
      • Agouls - approximately 23.314
      • Tsakhours - approximately 8.168
    • Koumyks - more than 365.804
    • Laks - approximately 139.732
    • Nogays - approximately 38.168
    • Azeri - approximately 111.656 Russian
  • - 9  %, approximately 120.875
  • Tchétchènes - 3  %, approximately 87.867
  • Others - 8  %, including/understanding:
    • Tatars - less than 4.659
    • Ukrainian - approximately 2.869
    • Jewish of the mountains - probably less than 1.478

One finds also small groups as the Balkares (which live mainly in Kabardino-Balkarie), or the Ginoukhs, 200, members of a complex family of Caucasians autochtones - some 40 groups, including/understanding people little known like the Akhwakhs, much of between-them concentrate in Daguestan. One can also note the Laks which have immigrant after a deportation at the time Soviet, and the Hounzibs or populates Khounzal which lives in only four cities of the interior.

The lingua franca in Daguestan is the Russian , one speaks there usually more than thirty other languages.

History

Daguestan became a republic of the Federation of Russia in 1991.

In 1999 a group of fundamentalist Moslems coming from Chetchnia, under the command of Chamil Bassaïev, as well as local converts, started an insurrection missed in Daguestan. That pressed the Russian decision to invade Chetchnia later in the year.

The famous Moslem chief Imam Chamil was of Daguestan. It was a Avar.

Policy

The chief of the government of Daguestan is the president. In February 2006, Moukhou Aliev is named President of the Republic by President Putin and is confirmed by the Popular Assembly of Daguestan on February 20th, 2006. Aliev has replaced Magomedali Magomedovitch Magomedov, elected for 11 years.

The Prime Minister is Chamil Zaïnalov.

Economy

Into 2000, the economy of Daguestan breaks up as follows:

Important industries include the transformation of the Food products, the production of electricity, the extraction of the Pétrole, the manufacture of machines, the Chimie, and the manufacture of instruments. Principal exports of Daguestan are oil and the fuel. The important agricultural produce includes fish of the Caspian Sea, the wine and liquors, and various fruits.

The breeding of the Ovin S is essential with the economy of Daguestan: the wool is used for the clothes industry of the carpets and the meat is consumed out of skewers.

For two thousand years, the Daghestanis have hammered the money. Considered goldsmiths, they encrust their turquoise and amber jewels. The national costume thus decorated weighs more than 25 kilos.

Daguestan remains the least urbanized republic of the Caucasus.

Religion

The majority of the population of Daguestan are Moslem. As for the major part of the Caucasian area, the native Islam of Daguestan is branch soufist since centuries. These last years one noted tensions between schools local soufists and missionaries wahabite S come in the area to seek people to be converted.

External bonds

  • Official site of the government
  • Diaporama: Daghestan

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