Częstochowa

Częstochowa (pronunciation: [ʧε̃stɔ: xɔva] ) is a southernmost city of Poland, located in the Voïvodie of Silesia from which it is the second plus big city.

Geography

Częstochowa is to approximately 200 km in the south-west of Warsaw, and to approximately 100 km in the North-West of Cracow.

Its Longitude is of 19° 07 ' Is and its Latitude of 50° 48 ' North.

History

August 1st Częstochowa was founded in XIe century.

Etymology of the name of the city

According to a popular etymology (not scientist) Częstochowa means in Polish " souvent" hides; , because of the surrounding mountains which hide the city. In fact, this name is derived from a name of anybody and means " (the city of) Częstoch".

Religion

Christianity

Częstochowa is the goal of a very famous pilgrimage marial in all the Central and Eastern Europe even beyond. Since its accession with the papal throne in 1978, the pope Jean-Paul II, former archbishop of Cracow, went there several times during its apostolic voyages. Częstochowa is the metropolis of the Archidiocèse of Częstochowa.

The Basilique of the Monastère of Jasna Góra shelters celebrates it icon of the black Madonna of Częstochowa. The monastery shelters a congregation of brothers Paulins.

(Name " Madonna noire" (Czarna Madonna) comes from the painting of the icon which darkened during the years; to distinguish from the black virgin , Romance sculptures located in France.)

Judaism

Częstochowa was a center of the Jewish thought, and lodged an important community as from approximately 1700. As of the first days which followed the catch of the city by the Nazis, on September 3rd, 1939, the Jewish community was victim of massive executions It quasi totality of: 45000 Jews which the city counted perished, carried out or off-set, during the Second world war after being parked in a Ghetto.

Founded at the end of, its Jewish cemetery account currently: 4500 tombs, of which that of the spiritual Master hassidic Izaak Mayer Justman. The messianist Jacob Franck for its part spent several years in the prison of the city whereas the authorities sought to cut it base of its faithful.

Demography

Częstochowa is populated approximately 259.600 inhabitants, divided on a municipal surface of 160 km ², that is to say one population density average of 1.597 hab. /km ².

Administration

The mayor of Częstochowa is Tadeusz Wrona.

Economy

Częstochowa has an airport (code AITA: CZW).

Personalities related to the commune

Football

Twinning

References

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