Cybèle
Cybèle (in Greek old Κυβέλη / Kybélê ) is a divinity of origin Phrygie (known also under the name of Agdistis in Phrygie), imported in Greece and with Rome, personifying wild nature. It is presented like the Large Mother, the Mother of the gods or the Large Goddess.
She is also venerated under the name of Idaea MATER (“mother of the Ida”) in Rome.
In Greek mythology, one also calls it Damia.
Myth
According to the Greek Mythology, it initiates Dionysos with its mysteries. The Romans adopted it in their turn, by comparing it in particular to Cérès; they organized in its honor, in spring, of the plays which were very popular under the Empire.
Cybèle was honoured as a whole with the ancient world. The center of its worship was on the Dindymon mount, with Pessinonte, where the Bétyle (stone) which represented it would have fallen from the sky. Mainly associated with the fertility, it incarnated also the wild nature, symbolized by the Lion S which accompany it. It was said that it could cure diseases (and to send them) and that it protected its people during the war. It was known in Greece as of the O C and merged soon with the mother of the gods (Rhéa) and Déméter.
In 204 av. J. - C., to most extremely of the second Punic War, the Romans, obeying a prophecy of the Books Sybillins , and a oracle of Delphes, sent ambassadors to Pessinonte: they were in charge of a delicate mission, to bring back to Rome the crowned stone. She was escorted during the return voyage by five Quinquérème S and miraculeusement accommodated by the Vestale Claudia Quinta. The temple built to accommodate the goddess rose on the Palatin, but the worship was the subject of a narrow monitoring until the end of the republican time, and the Roman citizens did not have the right to take part in priesthood and the rites (still that they can take part in the festival of the goddess, the Megalesia); the statue remained in the temple and its services were ensured by Eastern priests (Wales), although the processions of the priests were authorized, the restrictions were raised by the emperor Claude.
Cybèle and Attis
In Greek mythology, Attis was the young husband of the Phrygian goddess Cybèle. The Phrygian version of the legend tells that Attis was the son of Nana, girl of the god river Sangarios (a river of Asia Mineure). It conceived it after having gathered the spouted out flower of almond tree of the cut male bodies of Agdistis/Cybèle, which, born at the same time male and female, had been castrated by the gods. When Attis wished to marry, Cybèle, which liked it and of it was jealous, made it insane so that he castrated itself and committed suicide. This legend offers many alternatives which aim at explaining in particular why the priests of Cybèle, the Wales, are Eunuque S (they practiced the ritual ones of car-castration, sanguinaria ). Attis appears only seldom in Greece but, associated with Cybèle, he is a divinity accepted in Rome under the Claude emperor and constituted one of most important the worships with mysteries of the Roman Empire.
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