Cultivar

Reproduction of the cultivars

With the difference of a botanical variety, the single characteristics of a cultivar are generally not transmissible from one generation to another by the seed. They are it thus either by vegetative Reproduction (Clonage), or by cultures of pure lines, or by autofertilisation. Most of the annual cultivars are hybrid F1 and are again produced each time.

Origin of the word cultivar

Cultivar is a male name appeared in the French language at the 20th century, word made up of culti vé and iété VAr which is the contraction of the term English cultivated variety (cultivated variety).

In Vine growing, which one commonly calls “Cépage” (a particular young vine considered in its specificity, or a variety of vine leading to a given wine), corresponds to the definition of the cultivar.

The name of a cultivar is composed of the botanical name (Latin binomial in italic) follow-up of the mention “cv. ” and of an additional epithet (generally nonLatin and as a Roman) or, generally written between simple quotation marks. Example: Malus domestica “Pink Lady”.

The names of cultivars are not regarded as names of Taxon S botanies. They do not correspond to any Rang taxinomic and are thus not taken into account in the hierarchy of classification Systématique.

Obtaining a cultivar

A cultivar consists of a more or less homogeneous whole of vegetable pertaining to a kind and a given species. The selection of this unit, which meets various aims, is operated after a phase of creation of genetic variability which can occur spontaneously (Semis of free fecundation, natural mutant) or be caused (Hybridation will intra or interspecific, mutagenèse induced, genetic transformation,…). The phase of multiplication of the cultivar can be concomitant phase of selection or succeed to him. All the cultivars are not genetically homogeneous (the Rutabaga S are populations, just as many the graminaceous fodder ones, a Hybride F1 true resulting from the crossing between two pure lines, a pure corn line, a clone of apple tree are genetically homogeneous even if in the case of F1 and the clone the plants are hétérozygotes).

Cultivars of fruit and vegetables

Agricultural industry and the research centres such that INRA permanently test new crossings to manage to create cultivars joining together all necessary qualities (good taste, beautiful aspect, easy to cultivate in mass, production regular and uniform, not very sensitive to the diseases or the bad weather) but the creation of new cultivars are long because one needs sometimes several tens of years to make sure that all these conditions are well met. Thus, for example, for each one of: 7000 varieties of Apple S named, it was necessary to sow a seed, to await the first setting with fruit (5 to 10 years according to the cultivars) then to taste the fruits obtained during a few years to check their qualities Organoleptique S (very strong percentage of waste), the uniformity of the production, to wait one very cold winter to test the rusticity of the tree, to make sure of a good resistance to the diseases during at least the 10 following years. Once all these reached stages and if it wishes to protect its " création" , the obtentor can obtain a " Certificate of vegetable obtaining " in order to be able to start to diffuse it commercially.

Nomenclature of the cultivars

The cultivars are named in accordance with the recommendations of the international Code for the nomenclature of the crop plants .

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