Cryoclastie
The cryoclastie is a phenomenon of Géomorphologie generating the fragmentation of a rock by the cold, when the isotherm 0°C penetrates in this one and freezing the water which it contains beforehand. Water is transformed then into Glace, bulkier, which then generates an irresistible pressure which will break the rock by tiredness.
What makes the cryoclastie effective, it is not the intensity of the cold but rather alternation freezing/thaw which will tire the rock by the variation of pressure that it undergoes. the cryoclastie is synomyme of gélifraction.
See too
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