Congestion (medicine)
In the medical vocabulary, the congestion (of Latin the congestio , cluster, of the congerere , to accumulate) is the sudden increase in the quantity of Sang contained in the vessels of a body or part of body. It is accompanied by a dilation of the Blood-vessels, especially arterial. The term is applied to different accidents vascular S, pulmonary, cerebral or cardiac, not specified as being hemorrhagic or by Infarctus.
Associated synonyms and terms (sometimes obsolete): Hyperémie , Damning up , edema , accident (cérébro-) vascular , Apoplexy (basilaire/cerebral/congestive) , Heart attack , Brain attack , vascular Collapse (peripheral/cerebral)
It can have various origins like a simple reaction Inflammatoire or reactions related to emotion S.
One distinguishes:
- Congestion activates (or Fluxion): congestion of arterial origin due to a Ignition or a local irritation;
- Congestion passivates : blood Damning up (deceleration of the venous flow) due to an obstacle with the Circulation, of cardiac or peripheral origin;
- Stroke : general term for any sudden disturbance of cerebral circulation (chronic/passive);
- hepatic Congestion : circulatory anomaly of the liver, with increase in resistance to the hepatic venous irrigation causing a congestive Hepatomegaly, a dilation of the hepatic veinules and sinusoids, as well as a Hypoxia, which reaches the hépatocytes with possibility of fibrosis and cirrhosis (cardiac cirrhosis). It can be due to:
- a cardiac failure, which involves a deceleration of blood flow starting from the liver (causes most frequent);
- a constrictive péricardite;
- an obstruction of the lower vena cava and veins hepatic (syndrome of Budd-Chiari);
- an occlusion of the small hepatic veins (veino-occlusive disease).
- hypostatic Congestion : blood accumulation in certain parts of the lung;
- Congestion of the lungs :
- 1. Obsolete popular term for Pneumonia;
- 2. Edema S pulmonary: respiratory diseases touching mainly interstitial fabric:
- congestion of the lungs (acute/chronic/passive);
- pulmonary edema (acute/chronic/passive);
- acute pulmonary edema caused by noncardiac organic causes;
- pulmonary Hyperémie (acute/chronic/passive);
- pulmonary Damning up.
- pleuro-pulmonary Congestion : synonym of disease of Woillez , beginning of pneumonia or acute congestion of the lung, with spontaneous cure.
The vascular congestion can be mortal by involving a Hémorragie intern, the obstruction (Thrombose of an artery (Infarctus). Death by congestion was often indicated by the term Apoplexie, it was the foreseeable fate of those which one called the “goods - alive”, excessive eaters or amateurs of “good expensive”.
References
WOILLEZ, Eugene Joseph. - Of the congestion of the lungs, considered as usual element of the acute diseases , in: General files of medicine, 1854, vol. 3, pp. 385-400 (c) inter-University Library of medicine (Paris) Files of medicine