Condom

History

Cases péniens in skin of Gazelle, and even in bone, were found in caves like the Grotte of Combarelles (the Dordogne), but the contraceptive utility is not very probable. One thinks rather of a decorative or vestimentary utility. The true condom was born: 3000 years before JC. Egyptian soldiers wishing to protect from the venereal diseases using bowels of sheep. Thereafter, the condom will become as a means of contraception, as it is out of oiled tissue paper, silk or velvet.

It thus will be prohibited on several occasions because shown to support the Débauche. The first condom in rubber is invented in 1880 by the company of tires Goodyear Tire & Rubber, is 40 years after the discovery of the Vulcanization of rubber. It is washable after use and guaranteed five years.

Effectiveness

The effectiveness of the condom in the prevention of the MST is known only roughly, and varies, according to the studies available, between 60 and approximately 96% (for example, a méta-study of 1993 concludes with a reduction from the risk from 69%; another study of 1994 gives 87% realized (between 60% and 96%) even if these studies conclude with little reliability of their own measurements).

The studies also showed that a considerable share of this unreliability often comes from a bad education when to the port of the condom, cf below. The principal proposed problems remain primarily that of a bad installation of the condom and a bad knowledge of the device. Examples:

problematic mechanics (tears, cracks even microscopic let pass secretions);
use of condoms having exceeded their deadline of use;
use of greasy substance making the material porous thus null and void;
lack of lubricant, including at the time of vaginal reports/ratios but especially with regard to the anal reports/ratios.

Here of other examples of misuse and the consequence at the time of the genital or anal reports/ratios (more dangerous):

too broad, a condom does not hold in place;
too small or too end (report/ratio anal, especially), a condom even fissures cracks;
of the bubbles of air between the rod and the badly unrolled condom causes crackings;
nonthe respect of the pocket of reserve can also be at the origin of local and tiny but dangerous burstings;
the use of two condoms at the same time is at the origin of tear.

The studies on the real permeability of the material proposed by groups opposed to the use of the condom were not carried out yet.

Its effectiveness as a contraceptive is better known. Its Indice of Pearl goes from 2 to 15% of failure for the male condom and 5 to 25% of failure for the female condom.

Male condom

Use

The male condom is generally in Latex. It is placed on the Pénis in erection, before a sexual relationship with setting in contact of the male sex and of a mucous membrane; it fulfills two functions:

prophylactic, to avoid the propagation of diseases and infections sexually transmissible (MST and STI);
contraceptive, to avoid the nondesired Procreation.

The male condom must respect strict standards. Various controls can relate to dimensions, volumes and pressures of bursting, the tensile strength before and after ageing, the missing punch, the stability of the colors, resistance to storage, packing.

Cas of use:

vaginal Penetration;
anal Penetration: to note that the risks to transmit a MST or a STI are higher in this case and that it is recommended to use condoms specifically dedicated to this use;
Fellatio.

Precautions of use:

a condom is out-of-date at the end of 5 years;
it is used only once;
it must be preserved in a fresh and dry place;
one never should use two condoms one on the other;
it must be removed of its small pocket with the hands and not using scissors or of cutting ustensils under penalty of damaging it
the use of the lubricating gel, sold in pharmacy, is recommended. The greasy substances (creams, oils, petroleum jello for example) are strongly disadvised, because they make the condoms porous, and thus ineffective.

Various male condoms

Condoms with different characteristics exist: the size, the Texture, the Perfume S, but also the Lubrifiant vary.

A condom can measure between 170 and 215 mm length and 49 to 60 millimetres in diameter, for the European condoms.

the standard condoms are those available in the distributers (in France, located in front of pharmacies, and in the colleges and colleges).
the finer condoms have a thickness from 40 to 55 Micromètre S.
the finest condom sold in Europe has a thickness of 15 Micromètre S.
Certains condoms are lubricated better. That makes it possible to circumvent the problems of vaginal dryness. Lubrication is also the guaranteeing one of a more important comfort and reduces also the risk of rupture… attention however to using gel lubricating compatible well with the latex condoms (without greasy substance).
Of the condoms big size exist.
For the people allergic to the latex, of the condoms without latex exists. Attention, so certain models are indeed without latex (case of Durex avanti for example), others are only déprotéinéisés latex… but traces can remain present.
Of the condoms with veins exists.
Certains condoms is coloured or scented: for example: pink, orange, with the strawberry, mint, or vanilla. There are even the phosphorescent ones.

Female condom

The female condom is during male condom adapted to the morphology of the female Sexual organ. This device is composed of a fine sheath in Polyuréthane (to avoid the problems of allergy of latex) provided with a flexible ring at each end. The ring on the closed side twists and is placed in the vagina whereas the other end takes seat outside and recovers the genitals.

As well as the male condom, the female condom is at the same time contraceptive and protects from the sexually transmitted diseases (MST). The internal ring can be withdrawn for more comfort but also for the anal reports/ratios. It is not used whereas as guide to position the condom. Once withdrawn, the female condom must be thrown. Its use must imperatively be limited to only one partner, in order to avoid the transmissions of virus between two male partners.

In France, its use remains marginal, mainly because of prohibitory costs of provisioning and a not very pleasing aspect. Nevertheless, the public authorities think of easier access terms. These efforts are made because the female condom is today the only means of contraception and protection against HIV and the STI entirely controlled by the women. Indeed, the female condom does not require the approval of the male partner et/car it can position easily a few hours before a sexual relation.

The female condom is a means of contraception which makes it possible to avoid the Fécondation. It is about an envelope which the woman must introduce into her vagina and which prevents sperm from coming into contact with the female genital apparatus.

Usually quoted advantages of this condom:

it is very solid (less risk of tear);
it perhaps posed a long time before the report/ratio, which does not stop the Préliminaire S;
after ejaculation, it does not impose the immediate withdrawal;
it does not tighten the male sex;
it does not cause a Allergie, because it is not in Latex but in Polyuréthane.

Allergies to the condoms and solutions

The condoms consisting of Latex, they can cause allergies (itchings). There thus exist Latex weak protein solutions making it possible all to protect itself.

Position of the Catholic church

Certain religions, and particularly the Catholicism, do not accept the use of contraception. The use of the condom is refused by the Catholic church. The Encyclical Humanæ vitæ article 14 precise:

“Average illicit of birth control

: 14. In conformity with these fundamental points of the human and Christian design of the marriage, we must once again declare that is absolutely to exclude, like licit means of birth control, the direct interruption of the already committed process of generation, and especially the abortion directly wanted and gotten, even for therapeutic reasons (14). Is pareillement to exclude, as Magistère of the Church has it several times declared, direct sterilization, than it is perpetual or temporary, as well at the man as at the woman (15).

: Any action is also excluded which, either in preparation for the marital act, or in its unfolding, or in the development of its natural consequences, would propose like goal or means of making impossible procreation (16). ”

Slogans

In order to decrease the transmission of MST, the use of the condom is encouraged by slogans, such as:

It is necessary to put some each time, even when it does not rain.
I love you, therefore I protect you.
Leave covers!
No the sex, without latex!
Be followers of latex!
Without condom, it is not!
Without latex, be to you already my ex!
Attention with its, is protected!
No the hood, nothing in stud!
Made the love not the war, the hoods are less expensive than the nuclear bombs!

Industry of the condom in France

After an important rise with beginning of the year 90, the sales of condoms then slowly dropped before knowing a rebound starting from 2003. In France, the turnover of the sector is of 47 million euros is more than 55 million condoms sold in 2005 with a strong seasonal variation, more than 40% of the sales being located for the summer period.

The 4 leaders with more than 98% of the French market are the companies English Durex (also world leader) 35% of the sales, Australian Manix 24,5%, German Hansaplast with 21% and Laboratoires Juva (Intimy mark) with 20%. For this year, the marketing of the manufacturers has sought to gum the medical aspect and prevention to propose the aspect feeling with the launching of new judicious products to bring more pleasure and feelings to the users.

The polemic developed this year on the price of the condoms, considered to be too high within sight of its manufacturing costs (between 5 and 10 centimes of euros). The Ministry for Health, alarmed by the recrudescence of MST near the young people or the disadvantaged people, tried in 2006 a mediation near the manufacturers to obtain the latter at low prices the marketing of a condom. The Laboratories Demapharm answered this wish by developing a vending machine condoms of French mark " Star" , distributing a unit small pocket of condom with anatomical form to 20 centimes of euros. This company proposes with the schools this apparatus since January 2006. At the beginning of September 2006, several tens of schools installed it.

According to the circular n°2006-204 of December 11th, 2006, the School must also have for function to reinforce the accessibility of the high-school pupils to the means of protection. The colleges must thus program the installation of vending machines of condoms inside the establishment.

With the guarantee of Assistances, Make Love by Entrevue makes the condom accessible to all with the unit price from 20 centimes euro only in 20.000 sales outlets (tobacconists - booksellers - newsagents).

Various marks of condoms

Be Coils
Condomi
Contex
Demapharm
Durex
Hansaplast
Intimy
Make Love
Manix
Protex
Soft
Preventive Star
Star' tex
Trojan
Unilatex
Copyriht
Life

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