A computer programming language is a Code of Communication, making it possible an human being to dialog with a machine by subjecting instructions to him and by analyzing the material data provided by the system, generally a Ordinateur. The language makes it possible the person who writes a program, to disregard internal mechanism certain, generally of activations and desactivations of electronic switches, which lead to the desired result.

The activity of drafting of the Source code of a program is named programming. It consists of the implementation of techniques of writing and resolution of data-processing algorithms, which are founded on the Mathématiques. For this reason, a computer programming language is distinguished from the mathematical language by its operational aiming (a function and by extension, a program, must turn over a value), so that a “computer programming language is always a compromise between the power of expression and the possibility of execution. ”

Computer programming languages

The computer programming languages make it possible to define the whole of instructions carried out by the Ordinateur during the execution of a program. There exist thousands of computer programming languages, the majority of them being reserved for specialized fields. They are the subject of constant research in the universities and industry.

The computer programming languages can be classified many manners:

  • specialized general practitioner/,
  • high level/low level,
  • interpreted/compiled,
  • with/without management of automated memory,
  • with/without Management system of exceptions,
  • with strong Typing/weak Typing,
  • with static Typing/dynamic Typing,
  • with Syntaxe fixes/extensible;
  • not object Directed object /purement object,
  • imperative/functional/declaratory,
  • functional pure/impure,
  • etc

We include below a summary classification of the most known computer programming languages. It is necessary to keep in mind that many languages belong simultaneously to several categories - they are known as “multi-paradigms”. For example, C++ allows the imperative, directed programming object and the generic programming (containing classes and of named parameterized functions templates). Common Lisp at the same time imperative, functional, is directed object - and its “programmable” character (a programmable computer programming language…) he makes it possible to integrate other “paradigms” of programming in its center (for example: logical programming, programming by constraints).

Below, us listels the most known languages (we put between brackets certain derived languages or the necessary extensions).

Declaratory languages

  • OZ

  • Mercury
  • Prolog for PROgrammation LOGique
  • Clips

Below, us listels the specialized languages, i.e. of which the use is reserved for quite specific fields; most known are:

Data definition languages

Languages specialized for the communication with a Database

Languages for dynamic pages Web

  • Execution by the Waiter HTTP (side waiter):
    • .
    • ASP .
    • JSP (resulting from Java, based on Servlet S).
    • Python.
    • Perl.
    • Tcl .

Computer programming languages theoretical

Computer programming languages of Numerical control (C.N.)

A Machine tool automated, or Numerical control (C.N.), needs a computer programming language to carry out the operations of turning, or Fraisage…
  • Programmation of numerical control

Computer programming languages of the industrial programmable automats (API)

  • Sequential function chart, graphic language, derived from the Grafcet (NB: the grafcet defines the specifications in a graphic way)
  • Langage Ladder, graphic Langage

To make the programming more difficult

Specialized languages

  • CDuce : functional language of a nature higher for the handling of documents than format XML.

  • ABEL: language for the electronic programming of PLD

  • Esterel, Gloss, Signal, Synchronous Lucid: synchronous computer programming languages for the reactive systems
  • R: language for the tool of statistics of the same name
  • XLispStat: language for the tool of statistics of the same name
  • VHDL: language of material description, allowing to synthesize numerical electronics (descriptions of doors logical) and to simulate of it operation
  • Verilog, another language of material and simulation, more popular description in the United States
  • SystemC, language of material description moreover high level that precedents and allowing a faster simulation
  • vrml, description of scenes in three dimensions
  • Form of Backus-Naur (BNF), formalization of the computer programming languages

Other languages

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