Coffee machine

The coffee machine is an small apparatus of kitchen used to prepare Café without having to make boil water. Typically, the coffee grinding is placed in a filter out of paper or metal in a funnel, which is placed at the top of a container out of glass or ceramics. Cool water is versed in a room with share, then heated until boiling and poured in the funnel. Previously, the coffee was directly mixed with water ( Turkish coffee ). The goal is to carry out infusion of the coffee around the point of boiling of the coffee.

History

About 1800, French Jean Baptist of Belloy, archbishop of Paris invents the system of the Percolation coffee and first coffee machine (also called the dubelloire or the débelloire ). The coffee machine is made up of two piled up containers, separated in the medium by a compartment where the coffee is placed. One pours ebullient water in the upper part of the coffee machine; the coffee is infused slowly and passes in the lower container.

In 1825 appears the coffee machine with expression of the type Cona . Composed of two spheres superimposed and fixed at a support, it functions with air pressure. The lower part, the ball, contains water and the upper part, the tulip, receives grinding. Using a burner, water heats and evaporates creating a pressure in the lower sphere. The warm water (85 °C) goes up to the upper floor and mixes with grinding. At this time, one stops the source of heat then, the pressure decreasing, infused water goes down by gravity in the lower container by a tube where a filter is placed. The patent is deposited by the Frenchwoman Jeanne Richard in 1837 by referring to work of German Loeff. Several patents follow one another while making various improvements ( Louis François Boulanger (France, 1835), Mority Platow and James Vardy (England, 1839), Mrs. Vassieux (France, 1841).

In 1844, Louis Gabet invents the siphon beam . It separates the two containers which are placed one beside the other (out of ceramics for water, out of glass for the coffee); water is transferred in a tube from worms the other by siphon effect. When water is transferred in the second container, its weight weighs down and starts a beam which thus automatically extinguishes the burner at the good moment. A similar system is developed in parallel by the Scot James Napier, engineer naval and large inventive. It differs from the preceding system by the absence of mechanism to extinguish the flame. It is this system which was used in Great Britain.

The coffee machine will extend in the United States. In 1866, William Edson improves the system by building a coffee machine in only one holding, near to the Italian coffee machines. It is made up of a Upper House and a Lower House connected by a tube. Under the effect of the pressure, water goes up through the tube, then the coffee is infused and, when the pressure decreases, turns over in the content. This coffee machine with the advantage of being inexpensive and without risk.

In 1868, Julius Petsch (Hanover) and Stephen Buynitzky (Saint-Petersbourg) deposit a patent on a coffee machine of the same type as Edson with this close, than the top chamber is on pivot; when water returns inside, the compartment rocks because of its asymmetrical form. The flame is extinct and water runs out in the reserve of bottom. When water ran out, the tank rocks again and will actuate a hammer which will strike a bell to announce that the coffee is near.

Then, there be a succession of coffee machines while trying to improve the system and the materials (introduction of the Pyrex). For example, in the years 1895, one sees appearing the first espresso machines of vapor called Italian coffee machines (or mocha coffee ). Water is this time carried at boiling (100 °C) and the vapor crosses the filter then condenses to let infuse the coffee and go down again in bottom. The Neapolitan coffee machine has this of private individual that it is turned over as soon as water reached the desired temperature. It is not a question strictly speaking of infusion, but of Lixiviation.

The filter out of paper, him, is invented in 1908 by Melitta Bentz and will revolutionize the preparation of the coffee.

Invented by Italian Caliman in 1933, the coffee machine with piston makes its appearance; generally out of glass and metal, this coffee machine carries in its center a piston whose end of bottom is provided with perforated a metal disc being used as filter. After having deposited grinding at the bottom of the coffee machine, one pours quivering water and one lets rest two minutes, approximately. By exerting a pressure, the filter is inserted until bottom, separating the coffee from marc.

As for the machine with Expresso, it finds its origin in the 19th century but was especially improved by Italian Achille Gaggia in 1948. The machine with expresso uses the principle of the Percolation under high pressure. Quivering water quickly crosses a fine grinding contained in a metal filter.

However, the traditional coffee machine that the majority of people use supplanted all these methods. The first filter percolator Mr. Coffee was introduced in 1972. It combines the two aspects of Infusion and Percolation with a room where water is heated by electrical resistances.

See too

Coffee
Equation of the coffee machine
the woman with the coffee machine , portrait painted by Paul Cézanne

External bonds

history of the espresso machine accompanied by Comparative diagram
of coffee machines, different variérés from coffee, test of machines expressos
preparation of the coffee

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