Claude Roy (writer)

Biography

Born with Paris on August 28th, 1915, Claude Roy is the son of a artist-painter of Charente-native origin and a mother of Spanish origin. Raised to Jarnac, it binds friendship with François Mitterrand with which it makes part of its studies. Initially studying at the university of Bordeaux, it goes up to Paris in 1935 to be registered with the Faculty of Law. As opposed to what certain large encyclopedias Claude " claim; Orland" was its first name of author, and not his true name. In spite of the diversity of its readings of student (Nietzsche, Spengler, Baudelaire, Malraux, Gide, Proust, Lénine), it is allured by the energy of the counter-revolutionary project of the Camelots of the King. The provocative dimension of the movement maurrassien satisfies its contempt for the middle-class order. With other young insane people of literature and radical action (Philippe Ariès, Raoul Girardet or Pierre Boutang), he writes in the body of the students of the French Action, the French student . With Pierre Bénouville, Andre Bettencourt and François Mitterrand, it forms also part of these students residing at the boarding school of the Pères Marists (located at the 104, Rue of Vaugirard in Paris) which attend the chiefs of the Hood without inevitably adhering to the formation Extreme-right-hand side. In parallel, it publishes some news in the New French Review and the Review of the century , news from where the influence of Giraudoux arises of which it is claimed like Supervielle, Gide, Mauriac, Bernanos, Malraux.

In relation to Thierry Maulnier and Robert Brasillach, it starts its collaboration with I am in 1937 everywhere.

Called by its military obligations, he is already soldier when the war bursts. Whereas its first poem is published by Pierre Seghers in PC 40 , it is made prisoner in the month of June 1940. As of October 1940, he escapes and gains the free zone. In 1941, its experiment of the war and the action of a Régime of impregnated Vichy of maurrassism lead it in 1941 to cease its collaboration with I am everywhere. It engages then in the Résistance within Stars, an organization where it meets Gide, Giraudoux, Eluard, Aragon and Elsa Triolet.

The latter persuade it to adhere to the Communist party in 1943. Rejoined with the FILE at the time of the Release of Paris, it becomes correspondent war during the program of Germany where it follows lawsuits for Combat . Chronicler with the newspaper Release , critical arts person, of art and theater, it then attends with assiduity the meetings of the group of the street Saint-Benoît. He crosses there Marguerite Duras, Edgar Morin, Jorge Semprun, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and of time to other Georges Bataille and Simon Nora. He is made thus poet ( Clair like the day , 1943; Reduced commonplaces , 1952), translator and novelist with the night is the coat of the poor (1949).

It shows also a deep analyst of realities of the countries which it discovers. It publishes accounts of voyages giving an account of its peregrinations to the the United States ( Clefs for America , 1949) and in China ( Clefs for China , 1953). But, in 1956, the Soviet intervention in Hungary leads it to break with the line of PCF.

Signatory of a petition of protest with mobility sartrienne, it starts his collaboration with France Observer as from 1957. If it expresses more anti-Soviet positions there, it engages against the Guerre of Algeria and tortures it practiced in the center of Landy (October 1957), near to France Observer and mobilities sartrienne and Christian woman. Definitively excluded from the PCF in June 1958, it calls with a mobilization Communiste at the time of the arrival of the de Gaulle general. He then, like other former Communists (François Furet, Serge Mallet) became regular freelance journalist of Obs France.

But that does not prevent it from being distinguished there by signing the Manifeste from the 121 for the right to insubordination (1961). In spite of its fascination for the glory of Sartre and its bonds passed with Albert Camus, it is not new formula (November 1964) and waits June 1966 to intervene there again. Regular collaborator as from February 1968, it milked there at the same time literature, books of social sciences and tests of all kinds. Showing opening with regard to the thinkers antitotalitaires, it gives for example an account of the untraceable Revolution of Raymond Aron (September 19th, 1968) or of the First circle of Soljenitsyne (November 18th, 1968).

It carries out also a report with the the United States during the summer 1969. This year there, it leaves the first volume its autobiography ( Me I ) at Gallimard, a publisher of which it becomes one of the literary advisers. He even greets, in April 1972, the collection “Library of the Stories” that Pierre Nora launches there. Politically, he is opposed to all the oppressive modes, denouncing for example repression in Turkey. But it is especially the situation in the Eastern European countries which interest it like illustrates it its file on Spring with the red eyelets (June 1st, 1974) or its defense of the Gulag Archipelago in July 1974.

Virulent criticism of the “maolatrie” into force in the mediums “germanopratins”, it badly supports the “holdup” of the New philosophers on the question of the Gulag. Qualifying the latter of disc jockeys of the thought (July 18th, 1977), it is also committed denouncing the myth Maoist in the columns of the review Esprit .

In the same way, in the Nouvel Observateur of July 1979, it announces China lengthily such as it appeared at the time of a recent voyage. And, with the re-entry, it draws from its articles on the subject a collection ( On China , Gallimard) where it hides neither its sadness on a country of which it loves the people deeply, nor its illusions passed as for the possibility of the Maoism to correct its errors. It is also caught some with full with liveliness to the reports/ratios of Parisian intelligentsia with the ideology of the great helmsman. Simon Leys often pays homage to its perspicacity and its frankness in Essais on China (Books Laffont 1998). If it also takes part in the debate on the Nouvelle Right-hand side, its interest for the Far East leads it to reinforce on the question of the Kampuchea with Noam Chomsky. In its debate with this last in June 1980, he criticizes his position which compares the insufficiencies and the tares of the middle-class democracies to the crimes of the totalitarian modes, even Nazi. He draws from his reflections on the blindness which the ideologies a work involves, researchers of gods: belief and political (Gallimard, 1981), where it analyzes propensity to dedicate faith with somebody or something, applying particularly this reflection to the substitute of religion which for him Communism is. With the beginning of the year 1980, it connects on the Poland where it accomplishes a voyage in spring 1981 of which it publishes the log book.

Reached of a lung cancer in June 1982, he collaborates less regularly in the Nouvel Observateur . True polygraph, it does not cease publishing novels, testimonys of its many voyages, critical descriptions, tests on art and the artists - of which many friends -, books for children and of the poems because poetry is in the middle of all its writing. It is the discussion thread and it is through it that the literature takes all its place to give a direction to its anxious existence and often disappointed engagements. In 1985, it receives first Goncourt of poetry of the Académie Goncourt.

In 1982, it is victim of a cancer which it will tell in Permit residence . Its last years remain those of a man of a very field crop, of wise which is not easily deceived of nothing. He writes that he concluded " a honourable peace or at least an acceptable armistice with the world and itself, without resigning itself to the iniquity of the life, nor to plug itself on its own lacks ".

He writes a diary of a single kind which he publishes progressively. He dies of a cancer on December 13rd, 1997, at 82 years.

He will have been an important intellectual of his generation. Honest man, it had convictions which prevented neither the respect tolerating of the differences nor the expression of the most faithful friendship.

Quotations

“The poet is not that which says

I am not there for anybody

The poet known as I am there for everyone. ”

“It would be necessary to try not to grant too much reality to reality. The world has great need that we doubt a little his existence. ”

In meetings of the days

“The literature is perfectly useless. Its only utility is that it helps to live. ”

“And what these imaginary stories bring to us perhaps in addition, it is the true story of the real life, the History that never the historians wrote. ” (in connection with the romantic kind)

“(...) But it comes the night from further that the night With step of wind of sea of fire of wolf of trap Glaneuse shepherdess without herd without ears Blind man with the gold lips which go on snow. ” ( the night , in the childhood of Art , ED. Fountain, 1942)

" The orsqu' one lost all his illusions, they still remain to lose the supreme illusion which is to believe itself without illusions. "

Work

Memories and ship's books

Me I , Gallimard, 1969, Folio 1978
Us , 1972, Gallimard, Folio 1980
Altogether , Gallimard, 1976, Folio, 1982
Permit residence 1977-1982, Gallimard, 1983, Folio, 1987
the flower of time , 1983-1987, Gallimard, 1988, Folio, 1988
astonishment of the traveller 1987-1989, Gallimard, 1990
the shore of the days 1990-1991, Gallimard, 1992

Documentary

Key for America , Gallimard, 1949
Key for China , Gallimard, 1953
the newspaper of the voyages , Gallimard, 1960
On China , Gallimard, 1979
France of Profile , the Guild of the Book, 1952
China in a mirror , the Guild of the Book, 1952

Critical descriptions

Aragon , Seghers, 1945
To read Marivaux , Baconnière, 1947
critical Descriptions , Gallimard, 1950
Stendhal by itself , the Threshold, 1952
Trade of traditional the , Gallimard, 1953
love of the theater , Gallimard, 1956
the happy hand , Gallimard, 1957
the man in question, Gallimard, 1960
Supervielle , Seghers, 1964
suns of the romanticism , Gallimard, 1974
Jean Vilar , Calmann-Levy, 1987
love of painting , Gallimard, 1955, Folio tests, 1987

Tests

Defense of the literature , Gallimard, 1968
variable Time with breaks , Gallimard, 1985
researchers of God , Gallimard, 1981
the friend who came the year millet, Su Dongpo 1037-1101 , Gallimard, 1993
the work of the poet , Paroles of Paddle, 1993
love of painting , Gallimard, 1987

Novels

the night is the coat of the poor , Gallimard, 1949
the sun on the ground , Gallimard, 1956
misfortune to like , Gallimard, 1958, Folio, 1974
Léone and them his , Gallimard, 1963
catch the , Gallimard, 1968
the crossing of the bridge of arts , Gallimard, 1979, Folio, 1983
the remote friend , Gallimard, 1987, Folio, 1990

Theater

the terra cotta carriage , Gallimard, 1969
Gerard Philippe , in collaboration with Anne Philippe, Gallimard, 1960

Children's books

the family four hundred blows , Club French of the book, 1954
It is the Bouquet , Delpire, 1964, Folio Junior, 1980
the house which flies away , Folio Junior, 1977
Proverbes by all the ends , Gallimard Enfantimages, 1980
the Cat which spoke in spite of him , Folio-Junior, 1982
the very sagacious animals , Folio-Junior, 1983
Claude Roy a poet , Folio-Junior in poetry, 1985
the blows in lower part , Folio-Junior, 1987
Désiré Welcome , Folio-Junior, 1989.

Poetry

a minor poet , Gallimard, 1949
Only one poem , Gallimard, 1955
Poetries , Poetry/Gallimard, 1970
Enfantasques , poems and joinings, Gallimard, 1974
New Enfantasques , poems and joinings, Gallimard, 1978
do you Know if we are still far from the sea? Gallimard, 1979, Poetry/Gallimard, 1983
With the edge of time , Gallimard, 1984
the voyage of autumn , Gallimard, 1987
black of the paddle , Gallimard, 1990
the robber of poems: China, 250 catch poems of Chinese , Mercure de France, 1991
steps of silence , followed Poems upstream , Gallimard, 1993
the child who beat the countryside
the child who with the head in the air
" Bells of the sommeil" Strapping man, 1942

See too

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