Ciskei

The Ciskei was a Bantoustan located in old the the Cape Province of South Africa, today in the Cape-Eastern . It was the last Bantustan to be declared independent within the framework of the policy of Apartheid of 1981 with 1994.

The term Ciskei comes from the accolation of the name of the river Grand Kei with the Latin prefix cis- meaning before , in front of . Ciskei thus means territory before the river Kei .

History

In 1910, at the time of the foundation of the South African Union, the territory of the Ciskei future, consists of several indigenous reserves of the the Cape Province, located between the river Great Fish and the Keiskamma river and formerly integral part of old the British Cafrerie.

In 1961, the territorial Authority of Ciskei is established pursuant to the laws of apartheid with Zwelitsha for chief town. The November 14th 1968, the territory is simply famous in Ciskey.

The August 1st 1972, a government is granted to Ciskey, it will be directed most of the time by Lennox Sebe.

The December 4th 1981, Ciskei is declared independent, Indépendance recognized neither by the other States, nor by UNO. Its residents lose the South-African citizenship then and gain that of Ciskei. The capital is transferred to Alice, then quickly with Bisho. Lennox Sebe becomes the first president of the ciskei and establishes a despotic mode (he will become life president in 1983) before being reversed in 1990 by the general Oupa Gqozo who imposed a military Dictature.

The September 7th 1992, the police force of Ciskei will ouvra fire on demonstrators of the African National congress (or ANC). Twenty-eight people were killed and of the hundreds of casualties were counted in the Bisho capital. Oupa Gqozo was opposed to the abbrogation certain racial laws and the rise with the capacity of the ANC for the nearest abolition of the measurements taken during apartheid, including the existence of the Bantustans. It adopted the Alliance of freedoms then where cotoyaient in particular the Conservative party of South Africa, the Inkatha Freedom Party and Lucas Mangope (president of the Bantustan of the Bophuthatswana). This regrouping of conservative parties asserted mainly the right to the Autodétermination of the people of South Africa and not to integrate the South Africa news post-apartheid.

In March 1994, a general strike is started in Ciskei, the police force mutine and Gqozo is forced to resign the March 22nd 1994. The South-African government, which had acted as writing pad to relieve Gqozo, took again then the control of fine Bantustan putting de facto at its independence. The residents of old Ciskei could then take part in the multiracial elections of April 27th, 1994.

Geography

Ciskei was entirely included in old the the Cape Province and bordered in South-east by the Indian Ocean. It was separated from Transkei by the corridor of East London, hold with the white populations.

Policy

Ciskey counted one party officiel : the National Ciskei Party (or CNP) transformed into 1973 in National Ciskei Independence Party (or CNIP) and dissolved in 1990.

The Parlement consisted of a legislative assembly made up of 137 members (50 elected officials and 87 named among the local leaders) starting from 1978 and of 50 members (23 elected officials and 37 named among the local leaders) as from September 1986.

With each legislative election of 1978 and September 1986, the CNIP gained the totality of the eligible seats.

In 1993, the army counted approximately 2  000 men.

List Heads of State of Ciskei

Population

Ciskei had been conceived for the Xhosas. Actually, on the 3  930  087 Xhosas which the South Africa in 1978 counted, 509  607 were in Ciskei (13%), 1  696  575 in the others Bantustan S (43,2%) of which 1  650 825  in the Transkei (42%) and 1  723  905 in the white areas (43,8%).

In 1992, the population of Ciskei reached 1  088  476 people.

The most spoken languages were the Xhosa and the Afrikaans.

Flag

The Drapeau of Ciskei was adopted the 1972 then modified the March 15th 1974 and its representation defined in the section two of the Ciskei Flag Act of 1977.

Blue represents the infinity of the sky and the difficulties of progress and the development. The white band refers to the way to be traversed to arrive at this development. The Grue of paradise expresses the courage of Xhosas and their will to work for their people and their country.

The flag of Ciskei was abandoned the April 27th 1994 with the rehabilitation of the country in South Africa.

Philately

During its existence, Ciskei emitted 252 postage stamps and 10 block-layers with the legend Ciskei .

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • Given on the policy of Ciskei
  • Flag of Ciskei
  • Armorial bearings of Ciskei
  • Bantustans on worldstatesmen.org

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