Chronology of Edinburgh
This article presents a chronological Frise of the history of the town of Edinburgh in Scotland until our days. It shows the evolution of this city, at the origin a strengthened hill, to become the capital of Scotland which it is today.
1-999
End of the 1st century: A Roman Fibule and potteries of this time were found.towards 638: Demolished Gododdin, the site is captured by Edwin de Northumbrie
854: The first St Gilles Kirk is founded
960: Edinburgh falls temporarily under Scottish possession
1000-1099
1020: Malcolm III appendix definitively Edinburgh in Scotland
1074: Refortification of the castle, the city starts to take form during the reign of Malcolm III
1093: Marguerite of Scotland dies at the height located on the " hill of Agned" , the vault co. Marguerite ( St Margaret' S chapel ) is built shortly after and is the oldest building of the Château of Edinburgh
1100-1199
1114: The heir in the throne, Malcolm, is assassinated by a priest.
1124 or 1127: First attesting document of the existence of a church of the community of the burgh of Edin
towards 1125: David Ier of Scotland founds the burgh
1128: David Ier founds the abbey of Holyrood
1162: Edinburgh is the chief town of the county Lothian
1200-1299
1230: Alexandre II founds a large brotherhood Dominicaine; a hospital is also open
1274: Lothian is a Archidiaconé of St Andrews
1296: Edinburgh is taken again by the English and the fortifications are reinforced.
1300-1399
1314: The Château of Edinburgh is captured by Thomas Randolph, 1st count de Moray1325: Robert Bruce makes of Edinburgh the capital of Scotland.
1328: Treated of Edinburgh-Northampton guaranteeing Scottish independence.
1329: The city obtains the statute of royal Burgh, a port east establishes with Leith
1330: A rampart between High street and Cowgate is mentioned for the first time; the castle is demolished by David II
1334: Scotland loses the port of Berwick to the profit of the English, the importance of Edinburgh increases.
1341: The Scot take again the castle with the English.
1360: Edinburgh has almost 4000 houses, and is regarded as the capital of the nation; the castle is the royal residence and is reinforced stones.
1367: David II starts work of major fortifications of the castle
1371: David II dies in the castle.
1386: Robert II grants grounds for the construction of the prison (tolbooth)
1387: Five new vaults are added to the Cathédrale Saint Gilles following the damage caused by the English in 1385. St Gilles has the statute of High Kirk
1400-1499
1400: Henri IV of England tries to take by storm the castle after Robert III of Scotland refused to pay homage to him
1437: Edinburgh becomes capital of Scotland
years 1440: Edinburgh accounts for 47% of the Scottish trade of wool.
1450: Certificate of a rampart around the city
1455 - 1458: The brotherhood franciscaine of Greyfriars is founded
1457: The gun Mons Meg is received with the castle.
1458: Edinburgh has one of the three supreme courts of the country
1477: The 15 markets of the city are arranged along High street
1479: A hospital east creates in Leith Wynd
1482: The counts of Atholl and Buchan slacken Jacques III
1485: The stone buildings start to appear
1490: The firm brotherhood franciscaine.
1500-1599
1500: Edinburgh pays 60% of the incomes resulting from the customs of Scotland
1503: Jacques IV wife Marguerite Tudor
1505: The Royal College of Surgery is founded
1507: Jacques IV grants a patent to the first press to print of Scotland with Walter Chapman and Andrew Myllar
1513: The defeat of the Bataille of Flodden Field leads to the construction of a new southern rampart
1520: Douglas Archibald, Count of Angus, takes possession of the city; Edimbourgh becomes the seat of the court of justice
1523: The city has 14 corporations of trades
1528: Jacque V enters the city with an army in order to take advantage of its right to direct; the Palais of Holyrood is built for him
1530: There are 288 brewers; for forty inhabitants
1532: The Abbaye of Holyrood is transformed royal palace
1535 - 1556: Edinburgh contributes to a total value of 40% of the tax on the burghs
1544: The Count de Hertford flaring the city, the Palate of Holyrood and the abbey burn
1547: The English destroy Edinburgh once again
1558: The Wall of Flodden (rampart) is completed; the population reaches 12.000 inhabitants; one counts 367 merchants and 400 craftsmen
1559: John Knox is named Pasteur of St Gilles
1560: The English and French troops must is withdrawn according to the Traité of Edinburgh;
1565: Marie Stuart wife Lord Darnley, Henri Stuart
1566: Marie is kept captive in the Palais of Holyrood; David Rizzio is stabbed
1567: Darnley is assassinated; James Hepburn is cleared of the murder
1569: The city is struck of a wave of Peste
1574: The city counts seven mills
End of the year 1570: Edinburgh counts 4 pastors
Years 1580: The city counts 400 merchants
1581: James Douglas is carried out for complicity in the murder of Lord Darnley
1582: The Université of Edinburgh is founded and receives a royal charter - it is the fourth university of Scotland
1583: One estimates at 500 the number of merchants and 500 also the number of craftsmen, of which 250 are tailors.
1591: Francis Hepburn, Count de Bothwell escapes from the prison of the castle
1592: The Count de Moray is assassinated by the Catholique Count off Huntly; First census of the city: one counts approximately 8,000 adults, divided equally between the north and the south of High Street
1593: The Count de Bothwell takes the control of the Palais of Holyrood
1594: The Count de Bothwell échoe in his attempt to take the city
1596: The clergy asks for weapons to defend the king and the Church against the " papistes"
1600-1699
1600: Twelve roads leave Edinburgh
1602: Beginning of the construction of the church Greyfriars Kirk
1603: The seat of the Scottish post office (Scottish Post Office) settles in Edinburgh
1610: The first factories settle in Dlary
1610 - 1621: Publications of the searchs for John Napier on the logarithms
1615: The Count d' Orkney is carried out after being itself rebelled to reverse Jacques VI
1618: One finds in the city some buildings of seven stages; the population is approximately 25.000 people, including 475 merchants.
1621: Edinburgh and Leith pay 44% of the taxes on the customs duties (except wine), and 66% of on the customs duties of the wine
1628 - 1693: the Heriot hospital is built
1632: Beginning of work of the Parliament House to accommodate parlenment of Scotland
1633: Edinburgh is indicated like diocese
1636: Beginning of the construction of the church of Tron Kirk; the population is approximately 30.000 inhabitants
1640: The Parliament is completed
1641: Birth of Sir Robert Sibbald, he will become later royal geographer
1647: Tron Kirk is completed
1649: The Covenanter S carry out the royalist Marquis de Huntly;
1650: James Graham, Marquis off Montrose, is hung; the castle goes to the men Oliver Cromwell; James Colquhoun builds the first vans of fires: for Edinburgh, for Glasgow
Years 1650: A new church is built in Canongate
1652: A service of Diligence for London is founded - One needs a fifteen or so days to make the voyage
1661: Thomas Sydserf prints the first Scottish newspaper
1663: Old Covenanter Archibald Johnston is carried out
1667: The privy council empowers magnates to police force the Highlands
1670: Water arrives downtown by drains since Comiston Springs
1670s: The demolition of the animals is made from now on Dalkeith and either in Grassmarket
1671: Birth of John Law - It will create the first French national bank
1675: Robert Sibbald Co-founds physic garden planted At Holyrood
1677: The first coffee ( coffeehouse ) opens its doors
1678: First connection of diligence towards Glasgow
1681: Robert Sibbald off founds the Royal College Physicians, whose godfather is the Duc of York; Publication of the Institutions off the Laws off Scotland of the Viscount Stair
1682: Sir George Mackenzie founds the Advocates' Library - precursory of the National library of Scotland
1690s: The Juge S have more richnesses than all the brought together merchants and craftsmen; more than 20% of the population over 20% off the population is in Manufacturing works
1694: One counts in the city; 200 lawyers (of lawyers to the judges), 24 Chirurgiens, and 33 Médecin S; There are approximately 70 men for 100 women. - One counts also more than 5000 servants.
1700-1799
1700: A fire brings to build new buildings built out of stones; the population is estimated at 60.000 inhabitants
1707: Act of Union
1711: Birth of David Hume, philosopher
1713: Toll at the entry of the main roads leading to Edinburgh
1715: The Jacobites miss taking the castle
1718: Launching of the newspaper Edinburgh Evening Current ; Silk of woven Damas with Drumsheugh
1726: Birth of James Hutton
1729: Opening of the first infirmary
1733: Birth of Alexander Munro, discoverer of the Nervous system and the lymphatic System
1735: The Golf is practiced in Bruntsfield links; it is also the date on which Royal Burgess Golfing Society is founded
1736: Creation of the Royal Infirmary; riots shake the city
1737: The Lord Provost (mayor) is évincé following the riots
1738: Edinburgh is regarded as the most advanced medical center in the world; foundation of the John Watson' S College
1739: Publication of the Scots Magazine
1740: 4 printing works are counted; birth of James Boswell
1744: Installation of the first buildings on Fountainbridge, with more than five weaving looms
1745: Charles Edouard Stuart enters the city
1749: A connection of diligence between Edinburgh and Glasgow is open
1750: Opening of a rope manufacture
1751: A study underlines the state of decay in the old city
1752: Proposals are made for the construction of new public buildings and bridges
1753: Connections of diligence for London are founded - It takes two weeks to go to London
1757 - 1770: One finds workshops of weaving in Canongate
1758: connections of diligence for Newcastle are founded. IT takes one week to go there
1760: Opening of the first school for deaf persons.
1761: Creation of Bruntsfield Golfing Society
1763: Construction of North Bridge, designed by Robert Adam; A diligence drawn by four horses connects Glasgow three times per week
1765: The connection for Glasgow is carried out daily
1766: The contest launched in order to create the district of Old town ( New Town ) is gained by James Craig
1767: Beginning of the construction of New Town
Years 1770: There are 27 printing works in the city
1771: Birth of Sir Walter Scott
1772: Completion of the construction of North Bridge
1773 or 1777: Beginnings of the Penny-post
1775: Publication of a directory of the closed houses and prostitutes; Population estimated at 57.000 inhabitants
1777: One counts 8 legal distillings er 400 illegal in the city
1781: Opening of the Mound
1784: Meetings concerning the corruption of the electoral system
1785 - 1786: Construction of bridge Stockbridge a stone
1786 - 1788: Construction of South Bridge
1788: William Brodie is carried out - he was the leader of a gang of robbers; pose first stone of the Old College del' Université of Edinburgh
1792: Charlotte Square is drawn by Robert Adam
1799: The city has access to 3 million liters of drinking water per day
1800-1899
1800: The construction of Charlotte Square is completed
towards 1800: Foundation of the National Museum off Antiquities
1802: Publication of the Edinburgh Review , proposing literary criticisms
1802 - 1806: Construction of the seat of the Bank off Scotland
1803: Dorothy Wordsworth resides at the inn " White Hart" in Grassmarket
1814: Protest against the slavery of the the Western Indies; Two diligences connect each day the city to Stirling
1816 - 1819: Construction of Regent Bridge
1817: The city is supplied out of gas of Houille; coal fires lose of their popularity; the old prison of the Waterloo Place is demolished.
1818: The construction of the Union Channel begins; foundation of the observatory of Calton Hill
1819: Five daily connections between Edinburgh and Glasgow
1820: Protest against the treatments of George IV towards the queen Caroline
1822: Visit of the king George IV of the United Kingdom at the city, which carries the Kilt
1824: Large fire
1825: Eight diligences of the Royal Mail leave the city each day, like more than fifty other diligences.
1826: Foundation of the Royal Scottish Academy
1828: William Burke of Burke and Hare is judged for murder
1829: William Burke is hung
1831: Opening of the railway line Edinburgh-Dalkeith
1833: The city is in bankruptcy, partly because of the development of the docks with Leith
1835: Completion of the construction of New Town , the old city estun slum
1836: Opening of the Royal Institution, drawn by William Playfair
1841 - 1851: Foundation of the hôpitla Donaldson for the deaf persons
1842: Opening to the public of the Edinburgh-Glasgow railway line
1844 - 1846: Construction of Scott Monument
1846: Creation of the North British Railway
1847: Birth of Alexander Graham Beautiful; half of the population of the assite city to the funeral of Thomas Chalmers
1850: Pose off first stone of the National Gallery Scotland
1856: The borough of Canongate is integrated into Edinburgh
1859: Opening of the National Gallery
1860: Bank off Scotland has 43 branches
1861: The museum of industry (Industrial museum) is built beside the university (from now on Royal Museum off Scotland)
1864 - 1870: Enlarging of the seat of Bank off Scotland
1865: Report/ratio on the degradation of the medical systêmes of the city
1867: The Scottish company for the vote of the women (Scottish Women' S Society Vote) meets for the first time holds
1869: Sophia Jex-Blake becomes the first woman studied medicine
1870: Opening of the Fettes College
1870 - 1879: Enlarging of the royal hospital (Royal Infirmary)
1872: Beginning of the construction of the school of art (School off Arts)
1875: The Royal Theater destroyed by fire
1882: The city is immobilized by the winter
1883: Opening of the pulpit of Celtic at the university
1885: Watt Institution and the school of art (School off Arts) amalgamates to become Heriot-Watt College
1889: Earthquake; Charles Parnell grants to the city the right of freedom ('' freedom off the city '')
1890: A free public library opens
1900-1999
1900: Birth of the actor Alastair Sim
1901: The university names its first professor of Scottish history; The Royal High School account 350 pupils
1902: The station of Waverley Station is completed, of a surface of 70,000 square meters
1905 - 1906: Construction of King' S Theater in the district of Tollcross
1907: Beginning of the construction of the school of art (Edinburgh College off Art)
1910: First electric trams. Bank off Scotland counts 169 branches
1916: Bank off Scotland engages its first employee woman
1916 - 1918: tanks are manufactured by the Brown brothers
1925: The National library of Scotland is formed starting from old the Advocates' Library
1928: The Flying Scotsman offers a fast connection for London; The city obtains its first fires of circulation in Broughton Street
1932: George Watson' S College moves in Morningside
1932 - 1935: Edimbourgh lodges the seat of BBC Scotland
1936: 17% of the dwellings of the city are over-populated
1939: Bank off Scotland counts 266 branches
1946 - 1947: The electric trams transport 16 million passengers per month
1947: Creation of the International festival of Edinburgh
1949: Creation of the peripheral
1950: The Tram starts not to be used more
1951: 2 exchange (manual) phon exchanges handle over 9,500 lines
1952: Bank off Scotland has from now on Union Bank Scotland off, thus having 453 branches
1956: Total closure of the tram lines
1959: The population of Old Town declines, it is of 2,000 habitans
1966: Heriot-Watt obtains the statute of Université
1970: Organization of the Plays of the Commonwealth by the city
1974: David Murray, later president of the Glasgow Rangers, founds Murray International Metals
Years 1980: The restoration of dwellings in the old city brings to an increase in the population in this district.
1985: The population reaches 440.000 inhabitants; The university of Edinburgh created a pulpit of Parapsychology
1990: The Château of Edinburgh arrives at the head, and the Palais of Holyrood eighth of the classification of the attractions the splus visited of Scotland
1998: Creation of the Museum of Scotland
1999: The Scottish Parlement is inaugurated by the Reine
2000-…
2004: Opening of the new buildings of the Scottish Parliament
Bonds
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