Chartres

Chartres is a common French, chief town of the department of Eure-et-Loir, in the area Center. Its inhabitants is called the Resident of Chartres (E) S.

In the middle of the Beauce, rich cereal agricultural area often presented like the attic to Corn of France, the city is famous for its cathedral, that Rodin had named “the Acropolis of France”, like for its many pilgrimages. It preserves an important old inheritance built along medieval lanes.

Currency and Blazon

The Latin currency of Chartres added to the Blason is servanti civem split corona datur which means “With that which saves a citizen is given a crown of oak”. It is a tradition of the ancient Rome: the crown of oak was decreed with all Citoyen having, on the battle field, safeguarded the existence of one of its fellow-citizens. This currency is reproduced on the Blason of the city as of the 16th century and one finds it at the end of the 18th century on medals struck with the weapons of the city. In 1790, to have saved Chartres-native, the Halgrain mason and the Brossier carpenter (in accordance with the ancient tradition) accepted from the Asselin mayor a medal in Argent struck with the weapons of the city, attached to a ribbon with the three colors of the nation and carrying famous the currency.

It is in the middle of the 14th century century that one finds trace of the first Armoiries of the city. For this time, it has not been less than six different blazons which followed one another. In Heraldic, the blazon is defined as follows: “Of mouth with three money besants surmounted by three flowers of lily on funds of azure surrounded by sheets of oak”. I.e. the blazon is of color red, inside there are three money coins; above three flowers of lily are reproduced on a blue bottom; the whole is surrounded by sheets of oak.

Geography

Localization

Chartres is located in the North-West of the France at 90 km at the west of Paris. The surface of the commune is of 16,85 km ². The communes bordering are: Champhol, Raise, Mainvilliers, Lucé, Shining, Coudray and Nogent-le-Phaye.

Site

The old city of Chartres is located on a rock headland which the the Eure circumvents, in the plain of Beauce, to 90 km in the south-west of Paris. After the occupation of the hill, the city extended on a spit of land consisted two arms of the Eure like on a soft slope from with dimensions opposed to the river. Contours of the old city are delimited by the current boulevards and some great places (Drouaise places, of Scattered, Pasteur, Morard) from which start from important transportation routes.

Climate

The Weather station, located at 156 meters, of Chartres Champhol measurement daily several weather parameters.

Climate is of the oceanic type degraded, mainly under the influence of the wind coming on average from 250 ° Ouest-sud-ouest. It is caractérié by Température S averages ranging between 10°C and 13°C and of the Précipitation S appearing much more abundant than they are it.

The speed of the wind in Chartres east relatively low approximately 22 km/h of average with a hygroscopy of 68.8% and one athmospheric pressure of 1006.1 hPa.

Records of temperature:

History

See the List of the counts and dukes of Chartres.

Origins

Chartres is located in an area whose origins go back to prehistory as show it many monuments megalithic and of objects of the Neolithic time attesting of a dense occupation by the first farmers.

Antiquity

The current department of Eure-et-Loir corresponds to the central part of the territory of the Carnutes whose Chartres was the capital, under the name of Autricum. Chartres-Autricum was a big city. It was fed out of water by two aqueducts, one also found there an important amphitheater, at least a forum as well as temples. One can still today see remainders of the amphitheater, on the left of collegial St Andree. It is about a pretense of stone way which does not carry out no share (in the wall of a nearby building to be precise).

Évangélisé in the middle of the 3rd century by saint Altin and holy Eodald, with the fall of the Roman Empire, Chartres-Autricum one of was évêchés vastest of Gaules.

The Middle Ages

The city has to face the invasions Normans of S.

In 876, a gift of king de France, Charles the Bald person (823-877), the Veil of the Virgin, was at the origin of an important movement of pilgrimages which made the richness of the city and the power of the local religious institutions.

Another source of this power lay in the richness of Beauce where the chapter of the cathedral had great fields. It is of this richness and this power that rose the successive cathedrals.

This material glare doubled great intellectual fame then. The Fulbert bishop of Chartres was at the origin of the development of the School of Chartres which opens out during nearly two centuries. For famous Masters like Thierry of Chartres or Bernard of Chartres, it is also necessary to note the place of the Yves bishop of Chartres which was one of the large canonists of the Church.

The quality of the churches attests the extent of the religious movement and the economic prosperity of S.

In the political arena and soldier, the king of France Louis the Large reduced to mercy, at the price of a long fight, the lord of Puiset, whose power was a challenge with monarchy.

During the One hundred Year old war, this area, in the center of France and in the middle of the royal fields, suffered much. It is in Brétigny, small hamlet in the south of Chartres, which was signed the May 8th, 1360 a treaty marking a truce between the English and the king of France Jean the Good. Later, it is in the south of the department that the memorable episode of the battle of the Herrings was played which saw a convoy of vivres intended for besieged of Orleans stopped by the English.

Monarchical time

After having been the prerogative of Charles de Valois, father of Philippe VI, the county of Chartres was set up in duchy by François Ier in 1528 with the profit of Renee de France, duchess of Ferrare. Vainly attacked by the Protestants in 1568, the city was taken on April 19th, 1591 by Henri IV after a long seat; it made there crown in the cathedral the February 27th 1594.

Louis XIV gave the duchy of Chartres to the house of Orleans, to which the heir carried, until Louis-Philippe, the title of duke of Chartres. The residence of the Duke of Chartres was located at the current site of BNP-Paribas, the principal balcony on the 1st floor gave on the Place of the Scattered one.

Modern time

After the French revolution, the entry in the contemporary world was marked by important progress like the arrival of the railroad with the inauguration of the station in 1849, the installation of the tram in 1899 or creation, in 1909, among the first in France, of the aerodrome, where several pilots acquired the celebrity like Farman and Latham.

The city still had its batch of sufferings in first half of the 20th century with the bombardments of August 15th, 1918, of June 1940 and May 1944. It is also into 1940 that Jean Moulin, then prefect of Eure-et-Loir, had his first contentions with the troops of IIIe Reich. The city was released by the American army on August 18th, 1944. French resistance to Chartres met in the last floor of a house which was at the beginning of the street of the Large Suburb. As soon as they could it, without being made see or hear German, they installed their antenna on the roof, in order to enable them to listen to the instructions coming from London.

Starting from second half of the 20th century, Chartres knew a true economic and social transformation being characterized by employment, the increase in the population and the creation of the districts of the Madeleine and Beaulieu.

Today still, Chartres wants to give a dynamic image as well in the field of application as in the field of the culture. That is characterized in particular by the inauguration of the international Center of the stained glass, by the creation of “Cosmetic Valley” or by the realization of demonstrations like the “Festival of the Light”.

  • Fire of the Public library of Chartres (1944)

  • the House of Allonville: history and genealogy of a family noble, originating in the area in Chartres, end of the 11th century at the beginning of the 20th century.

Partial source

Demography

Demographic trends

  • Population city: 40  361 inhabitants

  • Population agglomeration: 88  318 inhabitants (Chartres metropolis)
  • Population urban surface: 130  681 inhabitants

Immigration

August 1st

Activity and school level

Chartres counts:

  • 8 College S
  • 5 College S
  • 2 Vocational schools
  • 3 Apprentice trainings
  • 1 IUT
  • Establishments of the Superior
  • Schools Of Art 1 Schools Of Art
  • a School of the CCI 1 School of the CCI
  • Ancillary medical Schools 1 Ancillary medical Schools
  • 1 IUFM

Administration and Policy

Chartres is the chief town of 3 cantons:

It is also the prefecture of the department of the Eure-et-Loir. The city makes also part of the first district of the Eure and Loir which contains 11 cantons and 194.340 inhabitants.

List mayors

Elections and political tendency

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw dissociating at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 32,49% %, followed by Ségolène Royal with 27,28%, Francois Bayrou with 19,88%, Jean-Marie Le Pen with 8,39%, then Olivier Besancenot with 3,53%, and finally Philippe de Villiers with 2,41%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 2%. The second turn saw arriving at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 52,49% (national result: 53,06%) against 47,51% for Ségolène Royal (national: 46,94%).

Twinnings

Chartres is twinned with the cities of:
The city signed pacts of friendship with:

Association of the Friends of Twinnings of Chartres

Economy

Branches of industry

Chartres is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Eure-et-Loir. It is also an agricultural center and has many industries: pharmacy, perfumery, mechanical engineering and electric. The city also profits from an excellent railway and highway service road.

Principal companies

August 1st

Transport

Railway axes

The town of Chartres was reached by the rail in 1849. A long time important railway crossroads, in extreme cases of the Companies of the Paris and , railroads of the West the State in Orleans, it is in the center of a star with 6 branches. In 2007, only the lines Paris it Mans and Chartres-Courtalain Saint-Pilgrim are opened to the travellers.

Lines the SNCF:

  • Chartres/Paris Montparnasse (32 outward journeys/return per day in week)
  • Chartres/Nogent-le-Rotrou/Mans (16 outward journeys/minimum return, according to the section)
  • Chartres/Courtalain/Droué (7 outward journeys return, of which 2 go until Courtalain in the train, the remainder of being drunk starting from Brou)
  • Chartres/Tours (not by railway, but only in project blocked by the department, which prefers to subsidize buses)

Old the Rotonde of the deposit STATE of the station is occupied by the Compa.

Road axes

Chartres is well served by a highway network coming from Paris with a6 highway for Bordeaux and Nantes and the door of Orleans then a10 highways and A11 for Nantes.

The same applies by road in particular at the beginning of Paris with trunk road RN10 for Rambouillet by the Door of Saint-Cloud. Moreover, at the beginning of the province, RN10 since Turns and South-west, RN23 from Brittany, RN154 from Rouen to Orleans

Chartres is located at:

Public transport

The urban network Filibus serves the eight common members of the community of commune Chartres Métropole including/understanding Chartres, Coudray, Shining, Lucé, Mainvilliers, Lèves and Champhol, Barjouville to which came to be added Morancez. The population concerned represents approximately 86.600 inhabitants.

The network of Filibus can be defined in three types of lines. First of all, the structuring lines add up more than 63% of the rises day laborers of the network for 56% of the kilometric offer. Then the lines of agglomeration are characterized by an average level of offer, a block speed “high” on a network scale, a level of frequentation ranging between 500 and 1200 rises per day. And finally the line of by-pass connects the dense poles of habitat of the west of the agglomeration to the principal generators and is given rhythm at the 30 minutes.

There exists another network of interurban bus but, Transbeauce , which includes/understands 130 regular lines. 120 service roads gathered on about thirty lines are daily assured towards and from Chartres.

Parks and gardens

flowered City: 4 flowers allotted by the National council of the Cities and flowered villages of France to the Contest of the cities and flowered villages.

Tourist monuments and places

Religious buildings

Notre-Dame cathedral

See also: Notre-Dame Cathedral of Chartres

The Notre-Dame cathedral of Chartres east one of the largest Gothic cathedrals dedicated to the Virgin in septentrional France during S. It is registered on the list of the World heritage of humanity since 1979.

The cathedral is high on a headland, ridges natural which dominates the Eure of about thirty meters. It is established in urban fabric of the ancient city. During the Early middle ages, five buildings at least had to follow one another; there remain about it only some sections of wall and the site of the crypt known as of Saint-Lubin, whose plan and orientation determined the establishment of the apse of the current building.

In 1020, the cathedral is devastated by the flames. It is with the bishop Fulbert (1006-1028), one of the largest intellectuals of its time, than one owes the construction of the cathedral which is dedicated in 1037 and there remains to us the crypt, the narthex with his frontage with three carved gates and its two turns. The southern bell-tower is set up more tardily. The Romance basilica of Fulbert will be still destroyed in 1194 and only the western crypt and frontage will be preserved.

The cathedral at the 13th century, which is in fact that we know today, takes again the Western solid mass of the old building. Its plan in Latin cross, its rise on three floors, its ribbed vaults to beams and formerets determining the shape of the piles, make an example of the Gothic architecture of it at its beginnings. The pavement of the nave was preserved. With regard to outside, in order to balance the push of the vaults, a system of large buttresses and propping up were assembled until the base of the roofs, in two superimposed flights, decreasing thickness. The two side porches have an exceptional carved decoration.

The following centuries will see the construction of extensions in particular related to the evolution of the liturgy: - Sacristy built at the 13th century; - Surmounted Chapter house of the vault Saint-Piat (1325-1335) connected to the cathedral by a staircase covered by a gallery; - Vendôme Vault built in 1417 between two buttresses of the southern side; - Northern Bell-tower said bell-tower Neuf (16th century) work of the master mason Jehan Texier says Jehan de Beauce to replace a belfry out of wooden; - House of the clock built by Jehan de Beauce in 1520 on the northern side of the cathedral (decorated with pilasters Rebirth, whereas its arrow is still Gothic).

In 1836, an accidental fire destroys the old wooden carpentry. The roof is rebuilt out of pig iron with a copper cover which remains today one of the characteristics of the cathedral of Chartres.

; the last stall disappeared after 1950. Until the 16th century, the Poisson of sea arrived by boats initially going up the course of the the Seine then that of the the Eure. Lastly, they set out again towards Rouen, charged with local products.

Formerly, the place of the Fish shop was entirely surrounded by houses with pinions. However they were demolished towards 1870 then in 1960. The House of Salmon was inhabited by Catherine Maubuisson, lady of Borville, with the head of an important trade of Import Export. In addition to the Salmon, the frontage presents a Annonciation and Saint Michel embanking the dragon. In 1950, the frontage and the roofs of the building were classified historic buildings.

Unfortunately, the 1944, of the incendiary bombs damaged these buildings. The animalist reasons carved on the last floor were remade during the restoration in the spirit of the 15th century.

The old Post office building become the Apostrophe (media library)

Installed in 1875 in an already existing house, located at the angle of the streets of the Cloister-Our-Lady and street of the Exchanges, the administration of the Poste S is very quickly with narrow in front of the expansion of the communications, of which the Télégraphe and the Téléphone. In 1919, at the conclusion of the Great War, the construction of a building specific located at the site of the market to the horses, between the place of Scattered and the Place of Châtelet, is decided.

It is in Raoul Brandon that the construction is entrusted, which is inspired freely by the Moyen-âge by using innovative techniques for the time, of which the use of the reinforced concrete. The decoration, placed under the aegis of found peace, tells on a mosaic support, the routing of a letter to its recipient, by employing all the means of transport of the time. The post office building is finished in 1928.

In 2005, the Town of Chartres acquires the building, become an indissociable silhouette from now on of the Chartres-native landscape to install there, after complete interior rebuilding, its Médiathèque. The building being frequently confused by the tourists with the cathedral, it was called by much " Notre-Dame of the postes".

The episcopal Palate become Museum of the Art schools

There remains nothing the first episcopal palate which would have been built on the site, by the holy bishop Yves at the 12th century. Palate which accommodates Henri IV at the time of his crowning in 1594, it remains only the commun runs. The central building is high under the episcopate of monseigneur d' Estampes of Valençay in first half of the 18th century. The perpendicular wing and the terrace are due to monseigneur Godet of the Marshes between 1690 and 1709. The central house of the frontage, the room " with the italienne" as well as the vault are built by monseigneur de Fleury in the middle of the 18th century.

The Révolution assigns the places to the central administration of the department of the Eure-et-Loir of 1794 to 1804. Then the prefecture settles there into 1804 before returning, in 1821, the palate with évêché reappearing. At the conclusion of the law of the separation of the Church and the State, in 1905, the buildings become the property of the department of the Eure-et-Loir. In 1913, this one the place at the disposal of the Town of Chartres by 99 years an emphyteutic lease. The soldiers confined in the places during the Great War ransack decoration.

The building is left with the abandonment until the Town of Chartres does its museum of the Art schools. This one is inaugurated in 1939, but is really open only in 1948.

The Theater of Chartres

The old Hotel of the Departmental records

Monument in the homage of Jean Moulin

Museums

International center of the stained glass

The international Center of the stained glass is devoted to the stained glass " vivant" (teaching workshops, permanent exposure on the art of the stained glass, temporary exhibitions accommodating of the contemporary artists).

At the end of the 12th century, the polyptyque one of the church Our-lady of Chartres describes the enclosure of Loëns. Property of the Chapter, it is organized in many spaces (buildings, attics, course, cellars…) intended for the storage of the wine, the grains and the various products of the Dîme S and the Tenant farming S of the Chapter. One also finds, in the enclosure, of the prisons where are locked up the people having made misdeeds on the grounds of the chapter. One went down in the underground room (the Storeroom of current Loëns) by a slope, whereas the Grenier was at the level of the carts and the carriages which brought the products to be stored. The current grounds are thus with more than 1,5 meter above the medieval ground.

The Révolution preserves, in its general orientations, the vocations of the Storeroom and the Attic, which are used however primarily as military store then, more generally, of place of warehouse of various goods. Later, spaces open with exceptional public demonstrations. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Frères Lights present several to it their films. The places, being used as prison with the chapter, preserve this function until 1800, of the members of the famous band of Orgères there being imprisoned.

This place became the property of the Town of Chartres in 1976. Space, restored, is placed at the disposal of association the " Center International of Vitrail" , whose vocation is to promote the stained glass.

Compa, academy of Agriculture

See also: Compa, academy of Agriculture

Compa, academy of Agriculture (in the beginning " academy of the machines and practical agricoles") is located on the commune of Mainvilliers and bordering on the commune of Chartres.

Entity of the general advice of Eure-et-Loir, it accommodates on 3.000 m ² single collections on agriculture, the food, the environment as well as a space devoted to temporary exhibitions on subjects of companies (food, sustainable development, vegetable resources, communication).

It is recalled there the history of the agriculture and its mechanization of 1800 to 1950 starting from machines and tools of time.

Famous characters

Teaching

August 1st

Sport

Literature

Klug, Sonja Ulrike: Kathedrale of Kosmos. Die heilige Geometry von Chartres. Munich 2001. ISBN 3720521338 (in German)

Catalog of films

  • the city was used as decoration for scenes of the film the Walker of Field-of-March , of Robert Guédiguian (2005).
  • " 60 years with the service of the cathedral of Chartres" Documentary on the cathedral of Chartres realized by Tzarina Films (2006).

To deepen

Related articles

  • Common of Eure-et-Loir

External bonds

  • Diocese of Chartres

  • Official site
  • Chartres in Lights
  • Tourist office
  • Site of the community of agglomeration Chartres Metropolis
  • Site the Association of the Friends of Twinnings of Chartres
  • Chartres on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Chartres on the site of INSEE
  • Chartres on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Chartres on a chart of France and communes bordering
  • Plane on Chartres on Mapquest

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