Charlotte Brontë
See also: Brontë
Charlotte Brontë was a British novelist , born the April 21st 1816 with Thornton (Yorkshire), dead the March 31st 1855.
She is regarded today as one of the most accomplished novelists of English language.
She is born in a village close to Haworth, where his/her father, Patrick Brontë, are Pasteur. His/her mother dies of a cancer in 1821. To ensure the education of his daughters, Patrick Brontë registers them in a boarding school for girls of clergymen, Cowan Bridge. The living conditions are so dreadful there that the two older sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, die of tuberculosis. Charlotte in remainder marked with life (it will evoke its experiments in Jane Eyre ) and finds the elder one of the four surviving children. The others are Branwell, Emily and Anne. From now on, the children will be raised by their maternal aunt Elizabeth Branwell, figure a little mysterious which will not have a great influence on Charlotte and Emily.
Charlotte and Branwell start an intense literary collaboration around an imaginary country, Angria, producing a fabulous quantity of accounts, plays, newspapers, poems written in tiny characters. Then Charlotte, who must prepare with becoming teacher or préceptrice, is sent once again in pension, but this time in an establishment of quality where it will tie two durable friendships, with Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor.
The entry in the professional life is difficult. Haunted by the need to write, she hardly manages to fulfill her functions of teacher in her old boarding school, then of préceptrice at private individuals. Attempts at contact with other writers, in particular Southey which disadvises the writing to him because it is a woman, hardly bear fruits.
With at the head the idea to create its own boarding school of young girls, it decides to leave abroad to perfect its knowledge of languages. In 1842, It goes to Brussels, in company of her Emily sister, with the Heger Boarding school in the district Notre-Dame with Snows, directed by Mrs. Heger. She starts to undergo the ascending one of the husband of this one, scholar and remarkable pedagog, who is only 7 years old more than she. The death of their aunt constrained two sisters to be returned in Haworth, where Emily decides to be fixed definitively. Charlotte turns over to Heger, which proposed a station of English mistress to him in their establishment. She is not long in being obsessed by Mr. Heger more and more, undergoes a psychological crisis engraves, and decides to go back to the United Kingdom. De Haworth, it will write letters impassioned with its " maître" , which after one or two exchanges makes the decision to cease the correspondence. It will be necessary Charlotte long months to go back some.
One day, in 1845, Charlotte discovers by chance of the texts of Emily. Dazzled by their quality, she proposes with her sisters to publish a collective volume which will appear under the title Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell (1846). The three sisters then put at Romance S. Those of Anne and Emily, Agnes Grey and the Tops of Hurlevent ( Wuthering Heights ), are accepted by an editor, but not the account of Charlotte, The Professor . On the other hand, its second novel, Jane Eyre , published in 1847 pennies the pseudonym of Beautiful Currer, created sensation. Heir to the tradition of the Gothic novel, this account with the first nobody scandalizes some by the assertion of oneself and the determination of heroin - one is in full time victorienne - but its sumptuous style, at the same time impassioned and perfectly controlled, will make an immense best-seller of it. It then starts a third novel, Shirley .
Meanwhile, his/her Branwell brother became alcoholic and opium addict following a disappointment in love, and dies of tuberculosis to the autumn 1848. Emily makes some as much a few weeks later after having taken cold and refused to look after itself. Less restive with the care, Anne will however not be long in dying of the same disease in spring 1849.
Then begin a period of martyrdom for Charlotte. She finishes after a fashion Shirley while fighting against an atrocious depression. Its horizons widen nevertheless now that it is held any more to respect anonymity only it had sworn in Emily. Supported by its editor George Smith, it becomes acquainted with literary All-London and valley of solids friendships with its pars, in particular its future biographer Elizabeth Gaskell.
Shirley suffered from the conditions under which he was written. Two heroins are transformed into idealized portraits of the sisters of Charlotte, and the account ceases wavering between social realism and a romanticism as dishevelled but much less convincing as that of Jane Eyre . Charlotte finds the form with the Villette, published in 1853, based on her experiments of Brussels and regarded by some as her masterpiece.
It is about this time that the vicar of its father, Arthur Bell Nicholls, declares himself and the proposal. Mr. Brontë opposes it violently. Nicholls persists and obtains win; Charlotte and it marry in 1854 and know a great marital happiness. From this time, there remain drafts which testify owing to the fact that Charlotte sought another subject of novel.
Unfortunately, Charlotte falls ill of tuberculosis and dies on March 31st, 1855.
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