Charles III of Spain

See also: Charles

Charles III of Bourbon (Madrid, January 20th 1716 - Madrid, December 14th 1788) was king of the Spain S and the the Indies of 1759 with 1788, with died of his/her half-brother Ferdinand VI of Spain.

Wire of Philippe V of Spain and its second marries the princess Elisabeth of Parma, it was initially duke of Parma and Plaisance under the name of Charles Ier in 1731 (with died of its great-uncle the duke Antoine Ier of Parma), then king of the Deux-Siciles in 1734 (by conquest of the Royaume of Naples and the Royaume of Sicily). He was crowned and crowned king of the Deux-Siciles to Palermo the July 3rd 1735.

While becoming king of Espagnes it yielded the Deux-Siciles in 1759 to its third wire Ferdinand.

Marriage and children

Charles marries Marie-Amélie of Saxony (1724 - 1760), girl of Auguste III of Poland. They had thirteen children, of which only seven arrived at the adulthood:
  • Marie Joseph (1744-1801)
  • Marie Louise (1745-1792), wife Léopold II, emperor of the Holy roman Empire.
  • Philippe (Felipe) (1747-1777), excluded from the succession for debility
  • Charles IV (1748-1819), succeeds his/her father in 1788
  • Ferdinand Ier of Deux-Siciles (1751-1825), founder of the sicilian branch of the Bourbons
  • Gabriel (1752-1788), Marie wife of Portugal, girl of Marie Ire of Portugal
  • Antoine (Antonio) (1755-1817), wife its niece Marie Amélie, girl of Charles IV of Spain

Biography

It was initially called infant it Charles. It reigned initially on Parma, which it had inherited by his mother in 1731; a few years after (1734), his/her father yielded his rights to him on the Royaume of Deux-Siciles. He knew in few times to put itself in possession of this new crown, beat with Bitonto the Imperial ones which disputed it to him, and was recognized by the France in 1735: he took, as king de Naples, the name of Charles VII of Naples. Assisted well by its minister Tanucci, it had controlled with wisdom for 28 years its States of Italy, when in 1759 it was called with the throne of Spain after the death of his/her brother Ferdinand VI; it left Deux-Siciles with its 3rd sons, Ferdinand, and went up on the throne of Spain under the name of Charles III.

He concludes with Louis XV the Pacte from family (1761), and united with the France in the two wars which she had to support against the Great Britain in 1762 and 1778; he tested only reverses in the first of these two wars, but he partly repaired his losses in the second, and recovered Minorque and the Florida, that the British had removed to him. He on several occasions tried (1775, 1783, 1784) to punish the insolence of the pirates of Algiers; but it does not succeed in these forwardings.

This prince especially occupied himself to improve the interior state of Spain. One owes him of the channels, of main road, the hotel of the customs and that from the stations in Madrid, the cabinet of natural history, the botanical garden, the academies of painting and drawing; it created military academies and naval, and made important maritime armaments. He wanted to also reform the costume of the Spaniards; but this project caused a terrible rising in Madrid (1765). It was shown very opposite with the Jésuite S and in 1767 of its kingdom and its colonies banishes them.

This prince founded in 1777, at the time of the birth of Infant, the Ordre of Charles III, intended to reward the merit. The cross is white and blue, with 8 points; in the medium one sees the image of the Vierge, with this currency: Virtuti and merito . The ribbon is blue edging of white.

Partial source

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