Chaldée
The Chaldéens lived in the south-west of Babylon. It is former wandering people of the north of the Assyrie and Arménie. At the time of the genocide of 1915, these people were exterminated (to 73%), with the Armenian people, by the Turkish authorities.
History
Of IXe century to the Life front century JC, Chaldéens played a big role in the history of the Asia and contributed to the destruction of the Assyrian empire. For one short period, they made of Babylonia, which gradually was called Chaldée, the dominant power of the Mésopotamie.
One the their most brilliant kings was Merodach-Baladan II (king of 722 with 710 av. J. - C.) which fought courageously but without success, four powerful Assyrian monarchs: Teglath-Phalasar III (king of 745 with 727 av. J. - C.), Salmanazar V (king of 727 with 722 av. J. - C.), Sargon II (king of 722 with 705 av. JC) and Sennacherib (king of 705 with 681 av. J. - C.), the destructor of Babylon. The successors of Sennacherib, Assarhaddon (king of 681 with 599 av. J. - C.) and Assurbanipal, maintained their control political on Babylonia in spite of many revolts and defections.
In 626 however, when the Assyrie was threatened by the Mèdes, the Scythes and the Cimmériens, Chaldéen of the name of Nabopolassar (king of 626 with 605 av. J. - C.) proclaimed king de Babylonie and, being combined in Mèdes, contributed to the destruction of the power assyrienne.
Taking position of weakness of Assyrie favors, the Egypt started to threaten the Palestine and the Syria. As of its advent in 605 av. J. - C., Nabuchodonosor II went to the meeting of the Egyptians and beat them with Karkemish (in current Syria).
Its reign, which lasted forty-three years, is marked by an extension of the political control of Babylonia on the major part of Mésopotamie. It is known readers of the Bible to be the destructor of Jerusalem and the king who took along the Jews in captivity to Babylon. For the archeologists and the historians, it is that which rebuilt Babylon, its capital, and which restored a great number of temples in all Babylonia.
The Babylonian rebirth did not last a long time. After the death of Nabuchodonosor in 562 av. J. - C., began an interminable fight for the capacity. In 556 av. JC, Nabonide, governor of the city under Nabuchodonosor, reached the throne and had to be measured with the influential class of the priests of Babylon. Having left the city of Babylon under the regency of his son Balthazar, it was withdrawn with Harran and later in the oasis of Teima, in the Arabian desert. In 539 av. JC, it was made prisoner by Cyrus Large the, which entered Babylon without meeting resistance. Annexed to the Persian , Babylonia lost its independence.
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