Chalcidoidea

The super-family of the Chalcidoidea gathers a score of families made up as a vast majority of entomophagous Insectes. They are Hyménoptère S, Térébrant S representing 22  000 Species S on a world level, is around the 10% of the totality of the insects.

Certain species are phytophagous the such Agaonidae , Blastophaga on figs, the Callinomidae seminivores, some Eurytomidae cecidogenous as well as the Tanaostigmatidae .

The most important families are those of the Pteromalidae , Eulophidae , Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae which has provides 80% of successes obtained in biological Lutte traditional against the insects depredaters of the cultures or the forest mediums.

Morphology

  • the Chalcidoidea have in common with the group of the " Proctotrupoidea " following characters:
    • Antennas bent between the scape and the pedicel.
    • relatively long Scape.
    • wing Nervation very reduced.
  • They is characterized some by:
    • Very often presence of the prepectus between the pronotum and the tégula.
    • If absence, then metallic luster or thickened femur III.
    • Head often not very sclerified.
    • If a color is present, it is a chalcidoidea .

List families of Chalcidoidea

  • Agaonidae (Walker, 1848)
    • phytophagous (fecundation of the Ficus ): 757 described species
  • Aphelinidae (Thomson, 1876)
    • parasite of Plant louse S, cochineal S, Aleurode S hyperparasite cochineals; 1100 described species.
  • Chalcididae (Latreille, 1817)
    • parasite of pupes of Lépidoptère S, larvae of Dipterous S… 1500 described species.
  • Elasmidae
    • parasite of Lépidoptère S, hyperparasite of Lépidoptères 200 described species.
  • Encyrtidae (Walker, 1837)
    • parasite of cochineal S in majority, Lépidoptères… 3600 described species.
  • Eucharitidae (Latreille, 1809)
    • parasite of Ants 389 described species.
  • Eulophidae (Westwood, 1829)
    • parasite of Lépidoptères, Dipterous S, Plant louses, cochineal S 3900 described species.
  • Eupelmidae (Walker, 1833)
    • parasite of Lépidoptère S, Cynipide S, Coleopter S, Hémiptère S, Mantes, Lépidoptères… 750 described species.
  • Eurytomidae (Walker, 1832)
    • phytophagous in majority 1200 described species.
  • Leucospidae (Walker, 1834)
  • Mymaridae (Haliday, 1833)
    • parasite oophage of Coleopter S, Hyménoptère S, Hémiptère S, Lépidoptères, Névroptères… 1300 described species.
  • Ormyridae (Forster, 1856)
    • parasite of insects endophytes ( Cynipidae ) 66 described species.
  • Perilampidae (Latreille, 1809)
    • parasite of Névroptère S, Coleopter S, Hyménoptère S… 229 described species.
  • Pteromalidae (Dalman, 1820)
    • parasite of Coleopter S, Dipterous S, Hyménoptère S… 4000 described species.
  • Signiphoridae (Ashmead, 1880)
    • parasite of Homoptère S, Dipterous S, hyperparasite of Encyrtidae 78 described species.
  • Tanaostigmatidae (Howard, 1890)
    • phytophagous and gallicole 88 described species.
  • Tetracampidae (Forster, 1856)
    • 44 described species.
  • Torymidae (Walker, 1833)
    • phytophagous in majority, Parasitizes oothèques of Mante S 1500 species described.
  • Trichogrammatidae (Haliday and Walker, 1851)
    • parasite oophage of Lépidoptère S, Coleopter S, cochineal S… 700 described species.

References

  • Barnard, PC (ED.) 1999. Identifying British Insects and Arachnids. Year annotated bibliography off key works. xii+353pp. Cambridge University Near.
  • Boucek, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). With biosystematic revision off generated off fourteen families, with has reclassification off species. : 832pp. International CAB, Wallingford, Oxon, the U.K., Cambrian News Ltd; Aberystwyth, Wales.
  • Gauld, I.D. & Bolton, B. (Eds) 1988. The Hymenoptera. Xi+332pp. Oxford University Near, Oxford, the U.K. (Reprinted and revised, 1996; ISBN 0-19-858521-7).
  • Gibson, G.A.P., Huber, J.T. & Woolley, J.B. (Eds) 1993. Annotated keys to the generated off Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) xi+794pp. National Research Council off Canada, Ottawa, Canada (ISBN 0-660-16669-0).
  • Narrow part, H. & Huber, J.T. (Eds) 1993. Hymenoptera off the World: year identification guides to families. vii+668pp. Research Branch, Canada Agriculture.
  • Hanson, P. & Gauld, I.D., 1995. The Hymenoptera off Costa Rica. xx+893pp. Oxford University Near, Oxford, the U.K. (ISBN 0-19-854906-9)
  • Noyes, J.S. 1998. Catalog Chalcidoidea off off the World. CD-ROM Series, ETI, Amsterdam, Netherlands (ISBN 3-540-14675-X).
  • Noyes, J.S. & Valentine, E.W. 1989. Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera) - introduction, and review off generated in smaller families. Fauna off New Zealand 18:1 - 91.
  • Peck, O., Boucek, Z. & Hoffer, A. 1964. Keys to the Chalcidoidea off Czechoslovakia (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Memoirs off the Entomological Society off Canada No 34:170 p, 289 figs.
  • Sharma, B.R., 1988. Keys to the insects off the European leaves the USSR off. Volume III Hymenoptera Leaves II. Oxonian Close Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India; ISBN 90-04-08806-7).

External bonds

  • The Natural History Museum London Database taxonomic on the '' Chalcidoidea ''
  • The Natural History London Museum. Photographic library on the '' Chalcidoidea ''

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