Cayenne

Geography

Situation

Located on the septentrional coast of the Guyana. The city was built on a marsh on the peninsula of Cayenne formed by the river of Cayenne, the river of the Turn of Isle and the Mahury. It is characterized by a plan from street in checkerwork, cut by the Laussat channel.

Many mounts (Montabo, Baduel, Lucas Mount) dominate the city. The points (Buzaré, Almond trees, Saint-Joseph) advance towards the sea. Cayenne forms with Rémire-Montjoly and Matoury a peninsula which mixes mounts, beaches and dense forest.

Cayenne is located at 253 km of Saint Laurent of Maroni, 60 km of Kourou, the other agglomerations of Guyana. One finds.

Paramaribo, capital of the Surinam 342 km in the North-West.
Macapá, capital of the federal state of Amapá (Brazil) to 554 km in south-east.

Climate

Source: Weather France ''
Climate of Cayenne east of the equatorial type wet. Its position close to the equator, as its oceanic frontage confers a good climatic stability to him. One observes a great regularity of the winds and temperatures during the year. The only variations is those of precipitations, it is what rate/rhythm seasons in Cayenne. The cycle of precipitations is related to the seasonal movements of the intertropical Zone of convergence (or Zone of intertropical convergence).

Seasons

Small rain season, of mid-December at the end of February.
Small summer of March.
Rain season, of at the end of March at the end of June.
dry Season, of July until December.

Temperatures

The annual temperature is of 26°C, with minima of 22°C the morning and maximum of 32°C after midday. Because of its position close to the equator, and at the edge of the ocean, the city enjoys stable temperature throughout the year. The highest temperatures are observed by lasting the dry Season with a peak in October.

Pluviometry

Average pluviometry is of water 3000mm. Strongest precipitations are observed during the Rain season. The rains are in general strong and of short duration, they often take place the night.

Sunning

In spite of strong precipitations, the sunning is important, it reaches 6,027 hours per day (either 2.200h/an).

Winds

The city is subjected to the mode of the Alizé S, the winds weak with are moderated and do not exceed 80km/h in gust.

History

Beginning with the resumption of Cayenne by the vice-admiral of the West, Jean II of Estrées

Current the site of the city was occupied by the Amerindians Galibi since long time. A forwarding ordered by Henri IV and carried out by Ravardière settles on the island of Cayenne in 1604. But it is destroyed a few years later by the Portuguese which intend to make respect the Traité of Tordesillas.

The history of the town of Cayenne begins in 1643, when Poncet de Brétigny, lieutenant-general of the king Louis XIII acquires near the Indian chief Galibi Cépérou of a small hillock on the marshy littoral plain which bears its name today. It beat strong Cépérou there, but a revolt of the Amerindians bursts which will cause the extermination of the colony and the death of Poncet de Brétigny.

In 1652 the Company of Equinoctial France tries to settle, it is at this period that the first black slaves are introduced in Guyana. In 1654 the Dutch occupy the area, they introduce the cane with sugar. In 1664 under the impulse of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, a powerful fleet unloads and tries to establish a colony, but the English attack in 1667 without to settle there. In 1674 the French take again Cayenne.

Then two years later, on May 5th 1676, 11 warships Dutch under the command of the Admiral Synkes take again Cayenne, 400 soldiers unload and tries to perfect defenses of strong Cépérou. But Louis XIV cannot tolerate such a humiliation. He charges the vice-admiral with the West, the count Jean II of Estrées to take again Cayenne. One prosperous period is installed on the colony. The Jésuites settle in Guyana by creating plantations of cocoa, coffee, cotton and manioc.

Colonial period with today

Between 1777 and 1821, the Laussat channel was built by the penitentiary labor, in order to cleanse the city. In 1821, the Sirdey architect draws the current plan of Cayenne, with its streets with NORTH-SOUTH right angle directed, is/western. Cayenne becomes a modern colonial capital.

Following the Decree of abolition of the slavery of April 27th, 1848, the plantations close and the Guianese economy crumbles. To cure it, Napoleon III sets up the bagne in Guyana. Cayenne will accueilliera one of these pénitenciaire establishments (see: Bagne of Cayenne) on the Handle of the Kitten, not far from the Point of Buzaré.

In 1855, a gold bearing site is discovered on the Approuague, and it is quickly the gold rush which will be completed with the Second world war. Thousands of gold washers are in activity in the drill Guianese. That allows a growth of the marketing activity.

October 15th 1879 the town of Cayenne is officially created. August 11th 1888, a gigantic fire destroys all the " Cayenne" old man; time.

The bagne will be definitively closed in 1946, under the impulse of Albert London and Gaston Monnerville, the Guyana becomes one then départemnent.

The creation of the Guianese Space center in 1965 with Kourou changes Cayenne, which acquires modern infrastructures, the international port of Dégrad-Of-Cannes and the modernization of the International airport of Rochambeau.

Economy

Demography

Cayenne is more the big city of Guyana and the 114 ème town of France behind Meaux in 1999 (its population estimated in 2007 would directly classify it 71 ème behind Aubervilliers), Cayenne and its community of communes (Communauté of communes of the Littoral Center) gather more half of the total population of the department. The population growth of the agglomeration is considerable, it was of 37,8% between 1990 and 1999.

On the other hand the population of Cayenne does not increase as much as her agglomeration, indeed the lack of grounds, and the increase in the rents oblige the inhabitants to be placed in common the close relations like Matoury, Rémire-Montjoly and recently Macouria. Cayenne is paradoxically, the commune having the lowest surface of Guyana, with 2360 hectares.

Districts of Cayenne

Center town: composed of the districts De Gaulle, Buzaret, Almond tree, Cabbage trees.
Cities of the South: Mirza the first city of Cayenne, Anatole, Mango, Thémire, Water Smoothing iron, Catch, Galmot and village Chinese (called Chicago), Leblond and Cabassou. They are the most populated districts city.
the districts Is: Chatenay, Montabo, Zéphir, Troubiran-Bourda (site of the Guianese University Pole)
Baduel and Mont Lucas
the Madeleine and zone of activity Collery

Urban landscape

One has observed for a few years the restoration of the old creole boxes of the center town, this operation is carried out by the municipality of Cayenne, with the assistance of European funds and the State.

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