Catholic faculty of theology of Paris

The Faculty of theology is one of four faculties of old the Université of Paris. Closed in 1793, it reappears in 1808 like catholic faculty of theology of Paris within the Academy of Paris of the Université of France. In 1877, was also created a faculty of Protestant theology following the loss of Alsace-Lorraine and the faculty of theology of Strasbourg. It is removed in 1885 and is replaced by a new section of the practical École of the high studies. It sat at the Sorbonne and it is the National school of the charters which inherited its buildings.

The Faculty of theology of the university of Paris of XIIe century at 1793

In XIVe and XVe centuries

In 1253 out of twelve pulpits which the faculty of theology comprised, nine were in convents. From 1373 to 1398,198 graduates accepted the license, including 102 beggars, 17 monks about Cîteaux and 47 secular. One indeed distinguishes in faculty from theology the students from the convents, or colleges the regular ones, and the secular students of the colleges which, at the beginning of XIVe century were already 76.

On the model of Dominican, in 1221 (College of Dominican the, the majority of the religious orders founded before XIVe century of the convents in the district of the University. Thus were founded the convents of Minors in 1230, of Prémontrés in 1252, of Bernardins in 1256, of the Carmelite friars in 1259, of Augustins in 1261, about Cluny in 1269. Each one of these convents had a pulpit of theology. Mathurins and the order of the Valley of the Schoolboys also had, in 1253, of the schools of theology. The monasteries of Saint-Denis and Marmoutiers also had in Paris a convent of studies, the first in 1203 the second in 1329. Most important of these colleges the regular ones were those of Beggars and Bernardins.

The convents where one taught philosophy ( studia particularia ) were initially distinct from those where one taught theology ( studia generalia ). The studia particularia were located in province. The course of logic lasted three years, the course of physics ( naturalia ) two years. The teaching body was made of a reader and a repeater. To be allowed in a general studium , it was necessary to have followed moreover during two years a course on the Book of the sentences. The teaching body of the studia generalia of Paris was made of one to three principal readers and as many under-readers (or cursor ). The principal readers were charged to make ordinary lessons on the Sentences or the Bible. The under-readers were graduates who made only extraordinary lessons. Each convent included/understood moreover a Master of the students who was in charge of the discipline. The studia generalia trained the future teachers of the studia generalia of province which formed them-even to them teaching of the studia particularia .

Many communities were founded in Paris for the maintenance of the secular students thanks to the individual benevolence. They were however generally badly managed. The majority of the colleges contenaitent two communities, one of artiens and one of theologists, fewer. The secular colleges founded between 1250 and 1300 (College of Sorbonne, College of the treasurer, College of Cholets and Collège of Turned), are exclusively made up theologists. 138 purses were reserved exclusively for theology, 97 having been founded before 1305 and 36 before 1300. The Nation of Normandy had 47 purses and that of Picardy 47. The 20 purses of the Collège of Navarre were moreover undivided between all the provinces of France. The two other Nations were practically not represented in the faculty of theology.

Ranks in the old faculty of theology of Paris

(according to the Encyclopedia of Diderot and Alembert) " For Paris, to pass graduate in theology , it is necessary to have studied two years in Philosophy, three in Theology ( quinquennium ), & to have supported two examinations four hours each one, one on Philosophy, & the other on the first part of the Summa Theologica of saint Thomas d' Aquin, who includes/understands the treaties of God, & of the divine attributes of the Trinity, & the angels. These two examinations must be done in one month one of the other, in front of four doctors of the faculty of Theology, drawn with the fate, with right of vote. Only one bad ticket leaves to the candidate only the way of the public examination which it can ask faculty. If it is two unfavourable votes, it east refuses without return.

When the inspectors are unanimously contens of his capacity, it chooses a president with whom it makes sign his theses; & when the syndic aimed them, & gave him day, it must support them in the year as from the day of its second examination. In some one of the schools of faculty, i.e., colleges or communities which are of its body, this thesis rolls on the same theological treaties, which were used as matter with this second examination, & it is named attempt . The president, four graduates in license, & two graduates friendly, dispute there against the guarantor; ten doctors whom one names critics assist to with it with right of vote; the graduates of license also have it, but for the form, their voices being counted for nothing. Each critic has two tickets, one which carries sufficians , & the other incapax . Only one contrary vote is enough to be refused. If the candidate answers in a satisfactory way, it of the month, that one names prim mensis , will be presented to the assembly of the first to the faculty in front of which he lends oath. Then the verger delivers his letters of baccalaureat to him, & it can prepare with the license."

" One distinguishes in faculty from Theology from Paris two kinds of graduates: to know first order graduates, baccalaurei primi ordinis , it is those which make their course of license; & those of the second order, baccalaurei secundi ordinis , i.e. the simple graduates who aspire to make their license, or who remain simply graduates. The dress of the ones & others is the cassock, the long coat, & the doubled fur of hermine silk noire."

" In the university of Paris, before the foundation of the pulpits of Theology, those which had studied six years in Theology, were allowed to give courses, from where they were named baccalarii cursore ;: & as there were two courses, the first to explain the bible during three consecutive years; the second, to explain the Master of the sentences (Pierre Lombard) during one year; those which made their course of the bible were called baccalarii biblici ; & those which had arrived at the Livres of sentences , baccalarii sententiarii . Those finally which had completed one & the other were qualified baccalarii formati or graduates formés."

" The license in theology opens two years in two years, & is preceded by two examinations for each candidate on the second & the third part of the Summa Theologica of saint Thomas d' Aquin, the Scriptures, & the ecclesiastical history. In the course of these two years, each graduate is obliged to attend all the theses under penalty of fine, to often argue there, & to support three of them, of which one names minor ordinary : it rolls on the sacremens, & lasts six hours. The second, which one calls major ordinary, lasts ten hours; its matter is the religion, the writing - holy, the church, the councils, & various points of criticism of the ecclesiastical history. Third, that one names sorbonic , because one always supports it in Sorbonne, draft of the sins, the virtues, the laws, of the incarnation, & of the grace; it has lasted for six hours of the morning up to six of the evening. Besides those which supported these three acts & disputed with the theses during these two years, provided that they ayent the votes of the doctors appointed with the examination of their manners & their capacity, are licentiés, i.e. returned course of studies, & receive the apostolic blessing of the chancellor of the church of Paris. "

The catholic faculty of theology of Paris of 1808 to 1885

Seniors

  • Henri-Louis-Charles Maret

Pulpits of faculty

In 1859, one counted 7 pulpits:
  • Dogma
  • Moral evangelic
  • History and discipline ecclesiastics
  • ecclesiastical Right
  • Scriptures
  • Hebraic Language
  • crowned Eloquence

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