Carpenter

History

With the the Middle Ages

The trade of carpenter recovers all the trades of the wood of fuste (of construction, opposed to the wood of heating) which take part in the construction of the cathedrals, the churches, the fortresses and the houses with wood sides by producing the frames, the moulds of vaults as well as the scaffolding and the elevating lifting devices: cranes, wheels with squirrel, etc.
The Master-carpenter is then as much architect that œuvrier (word who will transform himself into workman) and works with the Master-mason and the Mason stone.
He is accompanied by the apprentices and the companions.

One distinguishes and until the 17th century:

carpenters of large knocked the for work of great structure and the floors,
carpenters of small knocked the , for works of less dimensions like the trunks and the benches (13th century).

Today

That is in workshop, by the layout of the diagram, the choice of wood and their shaping or on the building site, with the assembly of the structures of building site, the carpenter has precise and multiple competences.

In industrial company or artisanal, he is workman highly qualified or tallies. He can also become formative or work in research department.

The outlets are numerous because the carpenter manufactures and assembles " structures bois" of all constructions: industrial hangar with the barn of farm while passing by the workshop of storage of a store. It carries out the roofs of houses, of buildings and of churches, manufactures the country cottages, the mills, the bridges and the prefabricated houses with framework wood (MOB)…

It conceives, works and poses the Plancher S, the coatings of passage, the Colombage S of old houses. The carpenter also carries out the Coffrage S for exposed concrete.

Tools of the Craftsman carpenter before mechanization

For the work of wood, they are common to those of carpenter:

of tracing : regulate graduated or not, square, bevel-square, square with angle, Trusquin, graph plotter, compass thickness, marking compass and pencil or point,
of sawing : Saw S various (with tenons, to jig-saw, counter, with ankle,
of cutting : Plane S (plans and of different profile, gouges, Jointer S, grater S, Chisel X, Planes S, Herminette, Doloire,
of tightening : vices, servants, boxes with cut or miters, presses with plane, presses with plating, maidservants,
of drilling : drills, crankshafts, wicks, boring bits, drills, gimlets, characters,
of striking : hammers, mallets, two-handed hammers
of completion : planes, scrapers, rifflers, trabiscots,
various : clippers, heating sticks, avoyor with saw, screwdriver,

Professional dies

Its trade obeys precise rules which were transmitted a long time by the Compagnonnage and also maintaining by professional dies controlled by the public authorities and the regroupings of the trade: Thus in France, there exist six diplomas:

the CAPE Frame
Technical BEP of the roof; Associated wood and materials
the professional Patent carpenter
the professional Vat
the technological vat
BTS Frame and cover; Constructive system wood and dwelling; Technical-commercial, option wood and derived

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