car-justice , or vigilantism , is the fact of making exert the law or a particular moral code in an individual way and apart from any legal legal procedure. Somebody who acts in this manner is called “car-dispenser of justice”, or “dispenser of justice”, or “vigilant” (Anglicisme who comes from the Latin name “Vigiles Urbani” given to the night watchmen of the ancient Rome who were charged to fight fire and to stop the slaves in escape and the beggars, to see the article Pompier > Antiquité ).

In the modern Western company, the term is frequently applied to the Citoyen S which “carry out the law of their own hands” when they think that the actions of the legal authority is insufficient. A regrouping of car-dispensers of justice can give place to the creation of a Vigilante group, supported or not by the government.

The vigilantism is condemned by the law when it gives place to a criminal behavior. In certain cases, the will to impose the values of a group on all the individuals of the company can lead to groups Néo-Nazi or others Groupe of hatred or organizations as the Sombra Negra. With the the United States at the beginning of 19th century, car-justice taken the form of Lynching S.

Legal framework

Car-justice being the fact of replacing the Justice State, it is appropriate to define as a preliminary of what the justice of State consists. That can vary according to the countries.

An action of justice is decomposable in three parts:

  • a part Investigation to seek the elements concerning the damage or the fault (see also Judicial police );
  • a Lawsuit, to determine the person in charge of the damage or fault, as well as the true nature and the extent of the damage or the fault;
  • execution of the Peine if the culprit is determined and condemned.
According to the countries, the stages of justice can fall within the competence of the State - public service - or of the victim or its entourage, which can rest if necessary on private detectives or lawyers.

In France

Inquire

In the civil field, it is with each part to bring the evidence of the damage and the responsibility. The individual action is thus the standard.

In the penal field, the investigation is with the load of a Examining magistrate and Judicial police. Evidence can be brought by the victim and its entourage, but the investigation in general requires to lead actions prohibited to a citizen, because bearing reached with the Private life and various the individual freedoms: to retain a person against her liking to question it (police custody), to carry out an excavation (Searching).

Lawsuit

The lawsuits are tallied by the criminal procedure codes and civil. One of the basic principles is that one cannot be a judge and left, the victim and its entourage are thus reduced to the role of Témoin and civil Partie.

Execution of the sorrow

The sorrow is an act which is in oneself an individual breach of liberty. It can thus be carried out only by one service of the State.

Examples of car-dispensers of justice

(to be translated)

Car-dispenser of justice in fiction

Films

  • the inspector Harry (1972), police officer but who often acts apart from the law

  • Shaft (1971 and 2000)
  • the dispenser of justice in the city (1974)
  • Taxi Driver (1976)
  • Mad max (1979)
  • M curses it (1931)
  • The Exterminator (1980)
  • Payback (1999)
  • Man one Fire (2004)
  • 8 mm

The majority of the Super-héros are car-dispensers of justice, even if some do not have any criminal behavior, such Superman.

Video games

Car-dispensers of justice in Comic S

(to be translated)

See too

External bonds

  • Vigilant Countering Terrorists in the Wild Western World Legal At News TV

  • Historical Deadwood Newspaper accounts off George Keating and O.B. vigilant Davis hung by for stealing horses 1878

Random links:Canton of Merdrignac | Cosmix banditos | Commando terror | Chelon | Demography of Languedoc-Roussillon | Paul_Wong

© 2007-2008 speedlook.com; article text available under the terms of GFDL, from fr.wikipedia.org