Captal de Buch
Dynasties
Four families had successively Captalat de Buch: Rich person family who occupied already a row privileged at the 11th century with Bordeaux. Grailly are originating in the Pays of Gex in old the Burgundy and also had grounds in Savoy. They were in Gascogne only since three generations when a marriage with the last heiress of the counts de Bordeaux brought to them all the goods of the latter in Pays of Buch. Epernon were not either of Gascogne. Originating in the Languedoc they acquired the grounds of Captalat in the same way that Grailly, by a matrimonial union. Captalat entered the family of Ruat, (the only originating ones in the area) neither by marriage, nor by heritage, but by the purchase with the Foix-Grailly last, which made the August 23rd 1713 Jean-Baptiste Amanieu de Ruat, baron of Audenge, adviser of the roy in the Court of the Parlement of Bordeaux.
House of Bordeaux
Pierre Amanieu of Bordeaux ( Pey-Amanèu of Bordeaux )
It is the first family member of Bordeaux which one sees officially qualified of the title of Captal de Buch in 1274. He died without heir the May 20th 1300.
Pierre of Bordeaux, known as Massip ( Pey of Bordeaux )
Baron of Certainly, while inheriting, in 1300, of his uncle of Captalat de Buch, he became the most powerful lord of the Pays of Buch. He died like his uncle, without heir. All the goods of the family of Bordeaux returned to her sister: Assalhide of BordeauxAssalhide of Bordeaux
Captale de Buch, sister of Pierre of Bordeaux, Assahilde Maria with Pierre II of Grailly in 1307 and died in 1328. Pierre II of Grailly, Viscount of Benauge and Castillon, valiantly served, with his sword, his Suzerain the king d' Angleterre, duke of Aquitaine. He was made knight, with the lord d' Audenge with Bergerac in 1345 after the catch of the city by Henri of Lancaster, Count de Derby. Thus when Edouard III of England created in 1350 the Order of the Garter it was one of the first 25 knights named by the king. It is this “Piers de Buck” which is reproduced on the list in 3rd place, after the son of the king: the future Prince Noir and Henry of Lancaster.
House of Grailly
Jean II of Grailly ( Johan II of Grailly )
Wire of Assalhide and Pierre II, it was Captal de Buch of 1328 with 1343, it married Blanche of Foix.
Jean III of Grailly ( Johan III of Grailly )
See also: Jean III of Grailly
Most famous of Captaux. By his mother, it descended from the King de France Louis VIII. It was faithful vassal of king d' Angleterre, duke of Aquitaine. It is at the sides of the Prince Noir, the September 26th 1356 with the battles of Poitiers, where was made to prisoner the king of France Jean II the Good. Capturé by Dugesclin with the Battle of Cocherel in 1364, it found its freedom while being used as intermediary between the king of France and the king of Navarre. It is again made prisoner with Soubise the August 23rd 1372 and dies in Paris in 1376, always prisoner of king de France. It designated as heir his uncle Archambaud de Grailly.
Archambaud de Grailly
Captal de Buch in 1376, Archambaud de Grailly wife Isabelle de Foix in 1380. This marriage brought to him in dowry the Comté of Foix, that of Castelbon, the Bigorre, the Marsan and the Béarn. All their descendants gave up the name of Grailly for that of Foix, which were called in Country of Buch the " Foix-Grailly". Archambaud died in 1411.
Gaston 1st of Foix-Grailly
Captal de Buch in 1411, Gaston 1st fought valiantly with Azincourt in the English rows. After the Treated of Fronsac (June 12th, 1451) passed through the king of France with the Of Bordeaux one and the lords of Guyenne, Gaston 1st, not to lend oath to king de France concludes an agreement deprived with this one. Then, it sold its goods of Gascogne of which Captalat of Buch, left with its nephew, count de Foix, vassal of the king de France and part with the count de Dunois. To died of Charles VII in 1461, and after the end of the English domination of Guyenne, the king Louis XI returns with a political aim Captalat to Jean de Foix, count de Candale.
Jean de Foix Grailly, count de Candale
Become Captal in 1461, it is of return in Country of Buch after seven years of prison to the Castle of Taillebourg in Saintonge following the Bataille of Castillon, and after a stay in England. He married Marguerite de Suffolk Kandall, downward of the king Edouard III, which made it possible Foix-Grailly to add to their titles that of count de Candale. Jean de Foix-Grailly died in 1485, leaving Captalat to his son. He recognized in 1468 the right of gem and with the wood of the mountain of Teste of Buch (Forêt usagère) to the inhabitants of Captalat. It is at the origin of the right of use always in force in forest of Teste of Buch.
Gaston II of Foix-Grailly-Candale
It was Captal of 1485 to 1500. It had three children with Catherine de Foix: Gaston, who succeeded to him, Jean, who was archbishop of Bordeaux of 1501 to 1529, and Anne, who becomes queen by marrying Ladislas, king de Bohême and of Hungary.
Gaston III of Foix-Grailly-Candale, known as the lame
Captal of 1500 to 1536.
Frederic de Foix-Grailly-Candale
Captal de Buch of 1536 to 1571, it the USA its fortune in the wars against the Protestants. In 1550 it gave to perpetuity with the inhabitants the right of pasturage on the vacant ones of Captalat, subject to a right of recovery if a purchaser would present himself to put those in culture.
Henry de Foix-Grailly-Candale
It had just succeeded his father in 1571, when he was killed in 1572, with the head office of Sommières, places from Languedoc, held by the Protestants. Married to Marie de Montmorency, it left two minor girls: Francoise and Marguerite. Captalat returned, during their minority with their uncle and tutor, Henri-François, bishop of Surface.
Henri-François de Foix-Grailly-Candale
Captal in 1572, it assumed the supervision of two girls of its Henri nephew and was withdrawn in 1587, when Marguerite married the duke of Epernon. Born in 1512, died in 1594, Henri-François de Foix-Candale was a scientist, humanistic, a philosopher whose reputation largely exceeded the borders of Aquitaine. It published and commented on works of Euclide, published, in French Latin initially then, the " Pimandre" of Hermes Trimégiste and a treaty wrote on Eucharistie. He invented several machines, made chemistry experiments and composed an elixir known under the name of " water of Candale". He founded a pulpit of mathematics to the college of Guyenne and bequeathed his rich person library to the convent of Augustins.
House of Épernon
Marguerite de Foix, Jean-Louis d' Epernon
Marguerite married the duke of Epernon on August 23rd, 1587 and died six years later. Jean-Louis of Epernon would have to manage Captalat only until the majority of its oldest son. In fact it behaved as if he were the heir to his wife. Par of France, colonel-general of the infantry, admiral de France, governor of Guyenne, he was a large lord. It gave the inhabitants Tests It the vault of its castle so that it becomes their parish church, to replace that covered by sands. He died in 1642 at the 88 years age.
Bernard d' Epernon
Bernard d' Epernon is the son junior by Jean-Louis, his older brother being deceased in 1639. He was the Captal last of the family of Epernon, his only son died before him. He married in first weddings Gabrielle Angélique, girl legitimated of Henri IV and Henriette de Balsac. In 1634 he married Marie de Cambaut de Coislin, (Gabrielle Angélique died in 1627) niece of the Richelieu cardinal.Bernard d' Epernon took part as a general colonel of the infantry in the last fights against the Protestants, then with the fight against Spain 1635 to 1638. Condemned to died following the failure of Fontarabie, it was exiled in England, before returning in 1643, pardoned by Mazarin. It succeeded his father as Gouverneur of Guyenne. It was charged to contain the slingers of Bordeaux directed by the Parliament, the capitulation of of Bordeaux was inevitable. Very unpopular in Gascogne, it will leave Bordeaux for Paris, where it dies in 1661. It yields by will its goods to the family of Foix-Candale.
Marie de Foix-Candale
Girl of Baptist-Gaston having inherited Captalat, Marie de Foix-Candale will be Captale little of time, her heir is her uncle: Henri de Foix-Candale.
Henri-François de Foix-Candale
Its goods were put " in direction" by stop of the Council of king in September 1668. It finds them in 1684, of which Captalat de Buch. It is about a pleasant man, considered as a epicurean. It does not remain about it less jealous of its rights, it seized the cargo of the vessel " the Pierre" Saint; failed on the coast of the Porge in 1697, although this privilege granted to Captaux de Buch by the king of England was not tolerated any more since a royal decree of 1681. The Captal last of the family of Grailly, it sells Captalat to Jean-Baptiste Amanieu de Ruat in 1713.
House of Amanieu de Ruat
Jean-Baptiste Amanieu de Ruat
Born in 1676, he married in 1702 Bauduer Marie-Dove and second weddings, Dame Dubreuilh de Fonréaux. He entered quickly in conflict with the inhabitants, in particular the sailors testerins. He is regarded as one of the precursors of the Fixation of the dunes in Aquitaine and carried out tests of fixing of mobile sands by sowings of maritime pines with Teste of Buch. It is at that time that Ruat ceased being barons of Audenge, and Teich was integrated into the grounds of Ruat, without to belong to Captalat. He died in 1736 and was buried in the church of Teich.
François-Alain Amanieu de Ruat
Born in 1716, he married Jeanne Ferrande de Lalande. The money worries made him sell pieces of Moors in Teich with the sior Nézer who will try to put them in culture. He continued the countryside against sands undertaken by his father, and addressed several memories to the Intendant of Guyenne relating to " need for stopping the devastations which daily sands of the sea cause on the coast of Teste of Buch, and the means of there parvenir." Jean Baptiste amanieu of Ruat dies in 1776 and was buried in the Church Christoly Saint in Bordeaux.
François Amanieu de Ruat
He married in 1773 White of Laroze. It is with him that returns the merit to have been the first to sow the dunes on the banks north and south of the Basin of Arcachon. Engineer Brémontier did nothing but continue his work. In 1793 he will be imprisoned some time with the prison of the Ursulines in Bordeaux, then released. Not having emigrated, it preserved its goods which were not feudal right. The last Captal de Buch died in Bordeaux in 1803.
Sources
Jacques Ragot, Histoire of Tests of Buch
See too
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