Cappadoce
The Cappadoce , located in current the Turkey, is an old country of Asia Mineure. It is known for its dwellings troglodytic S.
Traditional area of trade with the Assyrie NS, because of its mines (gold, money, copper), it is invaded by the Hittites to III, and is integrated into the Empire, which establishes there its capital Hattusha (current Boğazkale) until worms -1200. Then, it belongs to the Persian Empire, integrated by Darius into the third satrapie. In fact Persians give him the name Katpatuka (“country of the horses of race”), which will give “Cappadoce then” - the Greeks, as for them, give to Cappadociens the name “Syrians white”. It continues to be controlled by its own leaders, organized in a Aristocratie of the feudal type. It becomes then independent under the king Ariarathe I {{er}}, which recognizes symbolically the suzerainty of Alexandre Large the and founds a dynasty.
Under Ariarathe IV takes place the first contacts with Rome. Cappadoce then becomes allied empire against the Séleucides, but it is overcome. One confused period follows, at the end which the dynasty of Ariarathe disappears in the wars against the Pontus. Rome comes then to its help to push back Mithridate VI, king of the Bridge, and maintains with the capacity Ariobarzane I {{er}}, called '' Philoromaios '' (“friendly of the Romans”). Cappadoce supports then [[Pumped]], [[Jules César]], [[Marc Antoine]], finally [[Auguste|Octave]]. In [[17]], in consequence of the disgrace of the king [[Archélaos de Cappadoce|Archélaos]], Cappadoce is integrated by [[Tibère]] with [[Roman Empire]], of which it becomes one [[Roman Province|province]].
As of the IV {{E}} century, it [[Christianity]] spreads itself: two [[évêché]] S, [[Kayseri|Césarée]] and Tyane, are founded. In 536, [[Justinien]] creates évêché of Mokissos; [[Religious Basilica|basilica]] S and oratories multiply. At the beginning of the VIII {{E}} century, the region is badgered by raids [[Arab]] and the undergrounds become refuges.
Occur then the religious and political problems of [[iconoclasme]]: professed starting from the VIII {{E}} century and until 843, the iconoclasme refuses the religious images to avoid it [[idolatry]]. Emperors [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] find a means there of limiting the growing capacity of the monasteries. But in 843, the iconoclasme is declared [[Heresy|heretic]] and the country turns over to [[orthodoxy]].
With the XI {{E}} century, Cappadoce is conquered by [[the People Turkish|Turks]], initially Selçuks ([[Seldjoukides]]), then, with the XV {{E}} century, Osmanlis ([[Othoman]]). Slowly but surely, its populations pass to [[Islam]] and the language [[Turkish|Turkish]] more not to pay the haraç (tax on the not-Moslems) and to be full citizens. With the XVIII {{E}} century, the last hermitages troglodytic are abandoned.
== Liste of the kings de Cappadoce ==
* [[- 362]]/[[- 330]]: [[Datame|Datamès]], satrap
* [[- 330]]/[[- 330]]: [[Ariamne Ier|Ariamne I {{er}}]], satrap
* [[- 330]]/[[- 322]]: [[Ariarathe Ier|Ariarathe I {{er}}]], satrap
* [[- 322]]/[[- 280]]: [[Ariarathe II]], [[satrap (Persian)|satrap]] then [[king]] in -301
* [[- 280]]/[[- 262]]: [[Ariamne II]]
* [[- 262]]/[[- 220]]: [[Ariarathe III]]
* [[- 220]]/[[- 163]]: [[Ariarathe IV]] Eusèbes
* [[- 163]]/[[- 126]]: [[Ariarathe V]] Eusèbes Philopatôr
** [[- 158]]/[[- 156]]: [[Orophernès de Cappadoce|Orophernès]]
* [[- 126]]/[[- 111]]: [[Ariarathe VI]] Épiphane Philopatôr
* [[- 111]]/[[- 100]]: [[Ariarathe VII]] Philometôr
* [[- 100]]/[[- 95]]: [[Ariarathe VIII]]
** [[- 90]]/[[- 89]]: [[Ariarathe IX]] Philopatôr (usurping)
* [[- 95]]/[[- 62]]: [[Ariobarzane Ier de Cappadoce|Ariobarzane I {{er}} Philoromaios]]
* [[- 62]]/[[- 51]]: [[Ariobarzane II of Cappadoce|Ariobarzane II Philopatôr]]
* [[- 51]]/[[- 42]]: [[Ariobarzane III of Cappadoce|Ariobarzane III Eusèbes]]
* [[- 42]]/[[- 36]]: [[Ariarathe X]] Philadelphe
* [[- 36|36 av J.C]]/[[17|17 ap J.C]]: [[Archélaos de Cappadoce]]
* Annexation by [[Rome]] in [[17|17 ap. J.C.]]
===Géographie===
The landscape of Cappadoce has a morphology essentially being characterized by [[Plate (geography)|plates]] formed by the ashes and the muds rejected by the neighbouring volcanos, of [[the Canyon|throats]], of [[the Chimney of the fairies|chimneys of fairies]], as well as large plains made up of [[Tuff|volcanic residues]].
Under the effect of the thermal variations, the ground disaggregates, making it possible water to infiltrate and to erode the crust of it. Thus, when the tuff is very tender, it disaggregates completely to form a dusty plain, while on the sloping reliefs, erosion creates canyons, [[mesa (geomorphology)|mesas]], cones, pitons and chimneys of fairies, in which the Byzantine monastic communities arranged, between the VIII {{E}} and the XIII {{E}} century, a multitude of convents and rupestral churches decorated with [[fresco]] S. For the historians of art, Cappadoce constitute a laboratory where they analyze the pictorial evolution of [[Eastern Christianity|Church of the East]], with 150 still preserved sites. The more so as the Moslems, here, did not recover these churches to make mosques of them: none is directed towards [[Mecque]] as the Islamic religion for all the monuments imposes it having to be used for the practice of the worship. The most remarkable sites are the valley of [[National park of Göreme and rupestral sites of Cappadoce|Göreme]], canyons of Ilhara and Soganh, as well as the underground city of Derinkuyu.
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