Cambric

Geography

Situation

Cambric belongs to the dense network of the cities of North that only a few tens of kilometers separate: Douai is only to 26 km, Valencian to 32 km, Arras to 36 km, Saint-Quentin to 39 km.

Cambric is not very distant from several of the large European metropolises: Lille, the regional capital, is to 62 km, Brussels to 122 km, Paris to 173 km and London to 265 km.

Communes bordering

Escaudœuvres, Ramillies, Tilloy-lez-Cambric, Neuville-Saint-Rémy, Raillencourt-Holy-Olle, Fountain-Our-Lady, Proville, Rumilly-in-Cambrésis, Niergnies, Awoingt, Cauroir.

Site

Cambric is located on a chalk tablecloth of the Crétacé which forms the northern limit of the Paris basin, enters, in the east, the hills of the Thiérache and the Avesnois, buttresses of the the Ardennes, and with the North-West the hills of the Artois. It is a point relatively low than these two areas, called “threshold of Cambrésis”, or “threshold of Bapaume”, which facilitates the passage between the south and north: Bapaume (Artois) is to 100 Mr. of altitude, Avesnes-on Helpe (Avesnois) in 143 m and Cambrai with 41 Mr. only. The Channel of Saint-Quentin, the channel of North, the highways A1, A2 and A26, borrow all this passage between the basin of the the Seine and the plains of North.

The town of Cambric was built on Right Bank of the the Scheldt, at the place where the river becomes navigable: it (and since 1780) is channeled today downstream from the city, towards north.

Climate

The Cambric climate shows the characteristics of the oceanic Climat. The Précipitation S are also distributed all the year, with the maximum ones in spring and in autumn, February being driest. The annual total of precipitations, contrasting with the rainy image of the area, is relatively modest (642 mm with Cambric-Épinoy) : identical to the station of Paris - Montsouris, which is with the same altitude, it is lower than those of Toulouse (656 mm) or Nice (767 mm). However the number of days of rain (63 in Nice, 120 in Cambrai) confirms the oceanic character of the climate.

The thermal Amplitude average between the winter and the summer does not exceed 15°C. If one establishes a comparison with Paris again, one notes that Cambrai is colder of 1,5 with 2°C, all confused seasons. On average, 71 days ago of fog per annum (Paris-Montsouris 13), 15 days of storm (Paris-Montsouris 19) and 20 days of snow (Paris-Montsouris 15).

If one compares the data of Cambric and of Dunkirk or Boulogne-sur-Mer one notes colder minimal temperatures and maximum the hottest in Cambrai, the variation being of approximately 2°C, as well as a greater number of days of freezing and less strong precipitations: it is about a oceanic climate called “of transition”, with some continental influences.

Diagram ombrothermic

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History

Heraldic

Currency

1579 : Cambray, city of peace
1580: Concordia LMBO parvae crescunt (“By the harmony the small things grow”)
current Devise: Proud of its past, sure of its future

Demography

Evolution of the population of the town of Cambric 1794 - 1999
(2005: estimate) (Sources: INSEE - CassiniEHESS) ImageSize = width: 710 height: 190 PlotArea = left: 40 right: 10 signal: 10 bottom: 20 TimeAxis = orientation: horizontal AlignBars = justify Colors = id: gray1 been worth: Gray (0.7) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from: 1790 till: 2010 ScaleMajor = links: year increment: 20 start: 1790 gridcolor: gray1 start: 1790 PlotData = bar: 40000 color: gray1 width: 1 from: start till: end bar: 30000 color: gray1 width: 1 from: start till: end bar: 20000 color: gray1 from: start till: end bar: 10000 color: gray1 from: start till: end bar: 0 color: gray1 TextData = pos: (270,60) textcolor: black fontsize: S tabs: (12-right, 143-right, 222-right, 320-right) text: ^Guerre^1re guerre^2e guerre^1er shock text: ^de 1870^mondiale^mondiale^pétrolier

LineData = to bush-hammer: face At: 1870 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1871 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1914 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1918 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1940 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1945 color: red width: 0.5 At: 1973 color: red width: 0.5 points: (52,82) (70,75) color: blue width: 1 #1794: 15427 points: (70,75) (88,82) color: blue width: 1 #1800: 13799 points: (88,82) (130,83) color: blue width: 1 #1806: 15608 points: (130,83) (163,91) color: blue width: 1 #1820: 15851 points: (163,91) (178,91) color: blue width: 1 #1831: 17646 points: (178,91) (193,101) color: blue width: 1 #1836: 17846 points: (193,101) (208,103) color: blue width: 1 #1841: 20141 points: (208,103) (223,105) color: blue width: 1 #1846: 20648 points: (223,105) (238,106) color: blue width: 1 #1851: 21344 points: (238,106) (253,110) color: blue width: 1 #1856: 21405 points: (253,110) (268,109) color: blue width: 1 #1861: 22557 points: (268,109) (286,112) color: blue width: 1 #1866: 22207 points: (286,112) (298,108) color: blue width: 1 #1872: 22897 points: (298,108) (313,114) color: blue width: 1 #1876: 22079 points: (313,114) (328,116) color: blue width: 1 #1881: 23448 points: (328,116) (343,116) color: blue width: 1 #1886: 23881 points: (343,116) (358,121) color: blue width: 1 #1891: 24122 points: (358,121) (373,126) color: blue width: 1 #1896: 25250 points: (373,126) (388,131) color: blue width: 1 #1901: 26586 points: (388,131) (403,132) color: blue width: 1 #1906: 27832 points: (403,132) (433,124) color: blue width: 1 #1911: 28077 points: (433,124) (448,137) color: blue width: 1 #1921: 26023 points: (448,137) (463,134) color: blue width: 1 #1926: 29193 points: (463,134) (478,139) color: blue width: 1 #1931: 28542 points: (478,139) (508,125) color: blue width: 1 #1936: 29655 points: (508,125) (532,138) color: blue width: 1 #1946: 26129 points: (532,138) (556,152) color: blue width: 1 #1954: 29567 points: (556,152) (574,170) color: blue width: 1 #1962: 32973 points: (574,170) (595,176) color: blue width: 1 #1968: 37584 points: (595,176) (616,161) color: blue width: 1 #1975: 39049 points: (616,161) (640,152) color: blue width: 1 #1982: 35272 points: (640,152) (667,155) color: blue width: 1 #1990: 33092 points: (667,155) (685,152) color: green width: 1 #2005: 33100

The urban Unité Cambric counted 48 239 inhabitants in 1999, and the urban Surface 58 828 inhabitants. In other less populated areas Cambrai would be an important city, but in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, densément populated and urbanized, the city and its agglomeration come far behind Lille (1 143.125 inhabitants), Douai - Lens (552 682), Valencian (399 677) or Dunkirk (265 974) and with equality with Armentières (58 706).

The Cambric population increased little with the wire of the centuries: estimated at 10.000 hearts at the 15th century, it is not, according to a Report of intendant who describes it like “fort decreased”, that of 12.000 in 1698. At the end of the Revolution (1801) it is yet only of 15.000 inhabitants approximately.

It increases slowly but regularly with the length of the 19th century with a bending Net at the beginning of the 20th century: the birthrate, like everywhere else in France, is in fall. At the same time infant mortality remains high (20,3% in 1900,10,2% the day before the war), which explains the natural low growth.

The increase in population begins again at an intensive pace between the end of the Second world war and the beginning of the Années 1970 (the Glorious Thirty), thanks to the Natural increase (Baby-boom and strong regression of the Infant mortality) and with the Rural migration, which slowly empties the villages of Cambrésis of their population to the profit (partial) of the town of Cambric. This dynamism however shows signs of breathlessness since 1968: indeed the progression of employment (+27,5% of 1952 to 1975) did not follow that of the population (+44,2%).

The curve is brutally reversed starting from the First oil crisis of 1973. The population of the city strongly decreases starting from the census of 1975, the largely positive migratory balance of the Sixties becoming negative, while the natural balance, which remains positive, tends to be reduced. Many traditional activities disappeared (chocolate factory, brewery, chicorey, weavings, metallurgy…), representing several thousands of employment. Moreover areas close to Valencian Douai and are they also touched by disindustrialization, which deprives of employment certain migrant employees living Cambrai.

The Population pyramid of Cambric was with the census of 1999 rather near to that of the French average, with however of more important sections 0-29 years, and a deficit enough Net in the section of the 45-59 years, consequence possible of negative migratory balance.

Sociology

The pattern of the Cambric settlement (active population 15 year old or more having one employment) by ''' socioprofessional category ''' showed in 1999 a light underrepresentation of the “executives and higher intellectual professions” (11,6%) compared to the French average (13,1%) like for the “craftsmen, tradesmen and heads of undertaking” (6,0% against 13,1%) and conversely of the proportions slightly stronger of the “Ouvrier S” (27,7% against 25,6%), of the “Employé S” (29,3% against 28,8%) and of the “Intermediate occupations” (25% against 23,1%) 25,6%). The percentage of Agriculteur S is naturally weak in Cambrai (1,5%).

The pattern of the settlement of more than 15 years not provided education for by level of studies showed into 1999 of the rates comparable with those of the country for levels III and IV (baccalaureat or vat + 2 years of studies), but an unquestionable delay on the French average with regard to the higher learning (levels I and II), even if the situation is slightly more favorable to Cambrai than on average in the area. The presence of university antennas with Cambrai should, in the long term, make it possible more young people cambrésiens to reach the higher learning.

With a average revenue by household of 13 716 € per annum Cambrai is clearly below the national average of 15 027 €, but on a level comparable with that of the close cities such as Douai, Valencians or Saint-Quentin. According to INSEE the Nord-Pas-de-Calais forms part, with the Languedoc-Roussillon and the Corsica , of the areas of France where the incomes are weakest.

It is necessary to note at the same time as the average inheritance of the debtors of the STF is close in Cambrai to the national average (1 483 847 € against 1 493 167 €). This lets suppose an important variation of the incomes, which seems confimer INSEE.

The proportion of individual residences is stronger there than in the remainder of the country (61,5% against 56,8%), following in that a regional tendency (73,9% of individual residences for the Nord-Pas-de-Calais). One can also see there a consequence of the presence with Cambrai of the head office of the Groupe Family home, promoter of houses of scale particularly active national in the Sixties to 80. Because of relatively modest size of the city and strong proportion of houses, Cambrai does not comprise a “great units” where concentrate the social problems.

The main homes largely dominate, to 90,6% compared with 83% for the remainder of the country, and one notes especially the very small proportion of Second home in Cambrai: 0,3% compared with 9,2% for the national average.

The proportion of owners, to 46,4%, is weaker than in the remainder of the country (54,7%) or in the area (55,1%). The tenants are thus definitely more numerous, 50,5% with Cambrai against a little more than 40% in the area and in France. Among the residences in hiring, the proportion of residences HLM, to 19,2%, follows the regional tendency (20,4%), which is definitely higher than the national average (16%).

The age of the residences with Cambrai is distinguished at the same time from the averages regional and national. The residences are on average older in Cambrai than in the area or the country. The proportion of “old hand” residences (former to 1949), is close to the regional average (40,6% in Cambrai compared with 39,9% for the area) but definitely higher than the French average of 32,9%. The residences built between 1949 and 1974 account for as for them 42,9% of the total with Cambrai, clearly above the 31,5% of the area and the 33% of the country. One can undoubtedly explain this proportion raised by the necessary rebuildings which followed the destruction of the Second world war, like by the programmes of housing construction of the Family home Group, mentioned above, in the Sixties and Seventies. The more recent residences are relatively fewer in the city than in the remainder of France or even in the area: 11,8% of the residences with Cambrai were built between 1975 and 1989, against 21,7% in the area and 23,7% in France; 4,6% were built since 1990, against 6,8% in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and 10,4% in France. It is probably the consequence of the least economic dynamism and demographic of the city these last years.

Finally the residences are equipped slightly better in Cambrai than in the remainder with its area, but rather less although the French average: they count, on average, more parts with Cambrai than in the remainder of the country (4 parts and more: 63,9% with Cambrai compared with 58,6 in France): it is undoubtedly an effect of the stronger proportion of individual residences. 3,8% have neither bath-tub nor shower (2,3% in France, 4,7% in the area), 86,6% have the central heating (78,2% in the area, 84,1% in France), and 4,3% have two water rooms (4,4% in the area, 10% in France).

Administration

Cambric is the chief town of the one of the six districts of North. Current the Sous-préfet of Cambric is Mr. Alain Rousseau, named by decree dated August 31st, 2007.

Cambric is divided into two cantons: the Canton of Cambric-Is (22 942 inhabitants in 1999) and the Canton of Cambric-West (39 821 inhabitants in 1999).

Since December 22nd, 1992 Cambrai is the seat of the Communauté of Cambric agglomeration. The city also adheres to the following inter-commune structures:

Intercommunity association of cleansing of the agglomeration cambrésienne (SIAC)
S.I.V.U. “Joint Scenes Caudry Cambric”
S.I.V.U. “Party Walls”
Intercommunity association of electricity of Cambrésis (SIDEC)
Mixed trade-union of the Diagram of Territorial Coherence (SCoT) of Cambrésis ( via community of Cambric agglomeration)
Mixed trade-union for the valorization of the High-Scheldt ( via community of Cambric agglomeration)

Cambric amalgamated with the commune of Morenchies in 1971.

Political tendencies

As a whole the vote deviates little in Cambrai from that from the country but the rate of abstention is often higher there: as example it was of 34,86% with the referendum of 2005 (against 30,63); 22,07% with the first turn of the presidential election of 2007 (against 16,23%); 38,13% with the 1st turn of the legislative elections of 2002.

The voters cambrésiens seem more circumspect with respect to the European Union: the Référendum on the ratification of the treaty on the European Union of 1992 was rejected by to 53,35%, whereas at the national level it was approved with a small majority of 51,04%. In 2005 the bearing bill on the ratification of the treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was more largely rejected still in Cambrai (59,8% of “not”) that at the national level (54,67%).

With the presidential election of 2007 the results of the 2nd turn are very close to the national figures: 54,07% for Nicolas Sarkozy and 45,93% for Ségolène Royal, against respectively 53,06% and 46,94% at the national level. With the 1st turn Jean-Marie Le Pen obtained a a little better result with Cambrai (13,28%) that in France (10,44%), while Francois Bayrou was in the opposite situation (16,77% against 18,57). Arlette Laguillier (2,02%) and Olivier Besancenot (4,77%) was the only other candidates to exceed 1,5%. At the second round of the presidential election of 2002 Jacques Chirac arrived largely at the head at Cambrai as in the remainder of the country but the score of Jean-Marie Le Pen was there higher (21,11% against 17,79%).

With the legislative elections of 2007 Unpleasant François-Xavier, related candidate UMP and Cambric mayor, obtained 57,42% as of the first turn. Of this fact all the other candidates were below the national percentage of their party, for example the Socialist party to 22,91% against 24,73%, the Communist party to 3,10% against 4,29% or UDF with 6,21% against 7,61%. The retreat of the National front was as marked in Cambrai as elsewhere: 4,14% instead of 4,24%. One finds a situation close with the elections to 2002.

In the municipal plan Cambric, after having constantly re-elected a mayor SFIO of the release at 1977 in the person of Raymond Gernez, is managed since by RPR mayors or having connected UMP: Jacques Legendre until 1992 then Unpleasant François-Xavier. This last was elected appointed 18 {{E}} district of North on June 16th, 2002 and re-elected on June 26th, 2007.

See also: List of the Cambric mayors, Municipal elections with Cambric

Local tax system

The rate of the Tax of dwelling, to 22,98% in 2006 (unchanged since several years), is higher than the departmental average (15,95%) but lower than that of the majority of the towns of comparable size in the area: for example it was the same year of 30,07% with Maubeuge, of 34,22% with Valencian, 30,56% with Villeneuve d' Ascq.

The rate of the Professional tax, perceived within the framework of the the Community of Cambric agglomeration, was hardly higher in 2006 than the departmental average, with 14,18% against 13,94%. This rate was there still lower than the majority of the other cities: Armentières 25,56%, Maubeuge 17,35%, Douai 14,11%, Villeneuve d' Ascq 25,72%. It should be noted that Cambrai does not arrive that in 24e position in the department for the clear base of this tax.

Districts

Cambric is divided into seven districts: America, Cantimpré, Martin-Martine, Saint-Druon, Saint-Roch, Victor Hugo and Faubourg of Paris.

Twinnings

(partnership with the the Community of Cambric agglomeration)
(partnership with the Community of Cambric agglomeration)

Economy

Industry and services

Cambric is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Cambrésis. In April 2007, this one decided to amalgamate with the Chamber of commerce and of industry of Arras, decision called in question on October 4th, 2007 by the ministry in charge of the chambers of commerce and industry.

economic History

As of the Moyen-âge Cambrai is at the same time an agricultural market for its area, which produces especially cereals and wool, and a center of weaving (cloth, Guède, fabric, flax, Mollequin). This double vocation will persist a long time. Drapery declines at the end of the 13th century but it is replaced by the Batiste, speciality of the city, which knows its greater vogue at the 17th century. The production bends in its turn at the next century, but in 1775 one counts 58.000 more parts of cambric marked in Cambrai.

The economic activity declines under the First Empire because of the wars and the Blocus English. At the 19th century the textile remains the dominant activity of the city, with 1189 workmen in 1848. The cambric makes the essence of the trade cambrésien with other productions such as the soap or the marine salt refined. Industries Agroalimentaire S develop: brewery, chicorey; the Hard mint candy is invented in 1850.

At the 19th century the city is industrialized little, especially if one compares it with his neighbors. The municipal municipal officials often refuse the installation of new factories, in the name of the insalubrity or of the lack of space. However, according to the census of 1886 industry makes live more than 9000 people, whereas agriculture employs nothing any more but 2000 of them. The city develops especially its commercial function: at the beginning of the 20th century the branch of the Banque de France of Cambric occupies the 12th rank in France.

After the Second world war the rebuilding stimulates the construction trade. New companies are created as from 1950: hosiery, mechanics, joinery employ several thousands of people, while disappear from traditional manufacture: chicorey, chocolate, brewery and weavings. The economic crisis, as from the years 1970, degrades the employment picture seriously.

recent Developments

The zones and parks of activity of the agglomeration are four:

the industrial park of Cantimpré, in the south-west of the city;
the Actipôle park, in edge of a2 highway to 2 km in the Cambric west, offers an entire surface of 97 hectares. Completely occupied, it is in the course of extension;
the zone of activities of Fountain-Our-Lady, to 1 km of a26 Highway, offers an entire surface of 75 hectares;
the zone of activities of Proville Cambric-south, to 1 km in the Cambric south, on the RN 44, for Saint-Quentin, is devoted to commercial surfaces on a surface of 40 hectares.

The economy cambrésienne seeks to be pressed today on three poles:

agroalimentary industry , which still holds an important place in the economy of the city (confectionery, sugar refinery, dairy etc) because of the strong presence (80% of the surface) of the agricultural activity (cereal and industrial cultures) in the district;

the logistic , which profits from the Cambric situation in the middle of the triangle the London-Paris-Benelux countries and with the crossing of two highways, tends to concentrate in the western part of the agglomeration. Thus the totality of the 97 hectares of the zone of activity “Actipôle Raillencourt” located at 2 km in the Cambric west in edge of a2 highway are used today, partly by distribution companies, for a thousand of employment approximately. The extensions Actipôle 2 and 3 are under development or of study.

the textile , especially present in the remainder of the district (Caudry, Villers-Outréaux…) is represented in Cambrai by the clothes industry and the household linen. The Cambric area is associated with those of Calais and the agglomeration inhabitant of Lille within the Pole of competitiveness Up-Tex, dedicated to the textile products high efficiency and the customization.

The 5 principal companies of the agglomeration are in 2007:

CMD: 446 paid (gears and reducers)
Auchan: 427 paid (large distribution)
Cora: 323 paid (large distribution)
Cedilac Candia: 280 paid (dairy)
Cardoon tradilinge: 218 paid (household linen)

The unemployment rate of Cambrésis was in September 2006 of 12,6% (Nord-Pas-de-Calais: 13,2%, France: 9,8%)

Perspective

Future the Liaison the Seine-Scheldt, whose startup is planned for 2013, is today the most promising element as regards economic development for the city and the area of Cambric. The platform of activities Multimode E of Marquion, to 10 km in the Cambric west, should have the role to accommodate, on approximately 800 ha, of the centers of logistics and distribution Europeans and of agro-alimentary industries, in the prolongation of the diversification of the activities of the Cambric agglomeration. The impact in term of employment is estimated at 8.000.

Transport

Highway network

Cambric is located at the crossing of two French highways, the A2 of Combles (junction with the A1 coming from Paris) at the Franco-Belgian, open border in 1973, and the A26 of Calais to Troyes, open in 1992. These highways merge to some extent with the European Routes E19 of Amsterdam to Paris via Brussels, for A2, and E17 of Antwerp to Beaune via Lille and Rheims, for A26.

Cambric and its area are served by four highway exchangers: the exits (Cambric) coming from Paris and (Bilge) coming from Brussels on A2, and the exits (Marquion) coming from Calais and (Masnières) coming from Rheims on A26.

Cambric is moreover with the crossing of the roads national 30 of Bapaume to Quiévrain (Franco-Belgian border) (its downgrading in secondary Road is in hand), national 43 of Holy-Ruffine (Metz) with Calais, national 44 Cambric with Vitry-le-François, and D939 (ex-main road 39) of Cambric with Arras.

Projects

To facilitate the access to the east of the Cambrésis since the highways A2 and A26 and to reduce circulation in the crossing of the city, a skirting by south-west is in construction. This project was the subject of a Déclaration of public utility (DPU) on April 22nd, 1999. Its layout was several times modified and disputed, since it crosses the urban ecological park of Chenu Wood, only public natural green area of Cambrésis. The completion of skirting is envisaged in 2009.

Rail network

Cambric is connected by non-stop trains (FOR THE THIRD TIME) to Lille, Douai, Valencian, Saint-Quentin and Rheims.

The connection towards Douai and Lille improved after the electrification of the single-track line Douai-Cambric in 1993. One counts between Douai and Cambrai about fifteen trains per day, with one run time of more or less 30 minutes (conveys 30 minutes of them); towards Lille-Flandres 8 non-stop trains, with one run time often lower than 1 hour (conveys 51 minutes of them); towards Valencians, 10 non-stop trains with one 42 minutes run time on average (conveys 29 minutes of them); towards Saint-Quentin 10 non-stop trains with one oscillating run time around 50 minutes (conveys 39 minutes of them).

The connections towards Paris (Station of North), which are made with correspondence in Douai (TGV of and towards Paris) or Saint-Quentin, are particularly poor if one compares them with those of the close cities: whereas Valencians is connected by direct TGV in Paris 8 times per day, in 1 hour approximately 45, Douai 9 times per day in 1 hour approximately 10, Arras 11 times per day in approximately 50 minutes and Saint-Quentin 15 times per day with run times of 1 hour 19 to 1 a.m. 44, Cambrai is linked by non-stop train with Paris only once per day, in 2 hours 8 minutes

Other railway lines, of local interest, are born at the 19th century, in particular in 1880 the Société of the Railroads of Cambrésis which exploited three lines in Cambrésis between Cambrai, Caudry, Saint-Quentin, Cateau and Denain. A line of agricultural use of Cambric with Marquion, aujourdh' today out-service, is also open in 1898.

Projects

The diagram of regional transport evokes two projects which relate to Cambrai: the construction of a railway line between Cambric, Marquion and Arras, in connection with the project of channel with large gauge Seine-North Europe and establishment of a zone of activities in Marquion, as well as the “search for a connection of Orchies towards Cambric”.

Urban transport

Since 1897, i.e. as of the completion of the levelling of the fortifications, the city considers the construction of electric lines of Tramway S. It is a solution of a great modernity for the time since the electric traction appeared only in 1881 and that the development of this means of transport became true extensive only as from 1895 in Paris and in Paris region. In 1903 the network of the Company of the Cambric trams is inaugurated, length 16 km and which counts 5 lines. After the First World War the network, nonprofitable, is not given in service.

Since 1933 the Cambric agglomeration is served by a network of bus, whose five lines are exploited today by the group Transdev:

a: Luxembourg - Cambric Stations - Escaudœuvres
b: Neuville-Saint-Rémy - Cambric Stations ZAC Cambric-south
C: The Martigues-Pyrenees - Cambric Stations Raillencourt-Holy-Olle
D: Cambric Stations Raillencourt-Holy-Olle
E: ZAC Cambric-south - Cambric Stations

In 2003 (last known figures) the “Perimeter of Urban transport” (PTU) of Cambric, which with 4818 ha and 59 619 inhabitants is smallest of the 12 PTU of the Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais, offered 490 000 km (0,75% of the regional total) are 8 km per capita, against 22 km for the regional average. 783 000 travellers were transported (0,4% of the 12 PTU of the area), that is to say 13 voyages per capita, against 66 voyages per capita for the regional average). These some figures show the weak weight, in the regional total, of the urban transport with Cambrai, medium-sized city in a very urbanized regional unit.

Waterway

Cambric is located at the junction of the Canal of Saint-Quentin towards Oise and Paris and of the Canal of the Scheldt, which leads to the Canal the Dunkirk-Scheldt. A Marina is arranged with the junction of the two channels, with Cambric-Cantimpré.

Historical

The the Scheldt channeled between Valencian and Cambrai is opened with navigation in 1780.

In addition an inland waterway between Paris and North had been projected as of the time of Mazarin and Colbert. The construction of the Channel of Saint-Quentin , between Chauny on the Oise and Cambrai, was taken again in 1802 on the order of Napoleon i and was completed in 1810, after boring of the tunnel of Riqueval. The channel and the tunnel were inaugurated in large pump on April 28th, 1810 by the Emperor and the empress Marie-Louise. The channel of Saint-Quentin knew an intense traffic, but since 1966, date of the opening of the Canal of North, it lost much of its importance.

Projects

A project of inland waterway to large gauge, baptized Connection the Seine-Scheldt or connection Seine-North-Europe , belonged to the 30 priority projects of the future Network transeuropéen of transport. The layout of this project passes by Marquion, to 12 km in the Cambric west. A platform of activities is envisaged there. The public survey on the project proceeded from January 15th, 2007 to March 15th, 2007. The startup could take place about 2012.

Airports

Cambric is in the vicinity immediate of two aerodromes: Cambric-Épinoy , with the North-West, of which the use is reserved for the air base 103, and Cambric-Niergnies , with five kilometers in the south-east, opened with the aviation of leisures. In a radius of 1 a.m. approximately 30 by the road are five important airports: Lille-Lesquin (60 km), Charleroi Brussels-South (114 km), Brussels (148 km), Paris Beauvais-Stripped (151 km) and Roissy-Charles de Gaulle (152 km).

Teaching and formation

Primary public education

Cambric counts twelve nursery schools and eleven elementary schools.

Secondary education

Public corporations

Cambric has four colleges: Jules-Ferry (4 rue de Monseigneur-Guerry), Fénelon (Fénelon place), Lamartine (330 rue Gauthier) and Paul-Duez (1 Boulevard Paul-Bezin).

The city also accommodates the technological general high schools and Fénelon (Fénelon place) and Paul-Duez (1 boulevard Paul-Bezin) and the vocational schools Louise de Bettignies (boulevard Vauban) and Louis-Blériot (street Gauthier).

Private establishments

The college Jeanne d' Arc (25 boulevard de la Liberté), the institution Notre-Dame de Grâce (college and college, 31 boulevard de la Liberté) and the technical school Wisdom (7 rue du temple).

artistic Teaching

The National school of music and dramatic art.

Higher education

Cambric lodges two antennas of the Valencian universities of and Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC), and of Lille-2.

The antenna of the UVHC prepares with the following diplomas: DAEU has and B, Master in Sciences and technologies, agro-alimentary mention, License in Sciences and technologies, agro-alimentary mention, Titer of Engineer-Master (IUP) in Genius of the agro-industrial systems, License in Sciences and technologies, mentions data processing, mathematics, physical sciences.

IUT of Valencians, cambric antenna, prepares with obtaining a professional License Gestion of industrial production (GPI), option quality, hygiene, safety and environment (QHSE); A professional License total Logistique is in forecast.

Finally the antenna of Lille 2 prepares with obtaining a license “mention right” or “mention economic and social administration”, like three professional licenses: management of SME SME, goods transport, trades of safety.

The other establishments of higher education in Cambrai are the University of Cambric art and the Training institute in care male nurses.

Culture and inheritance

Tourist monuments and places

Most of the monumental Cambric inheritance disappeared during the centuries. It is initially Charles-Quint which, to make build a citadel with Mount-of-Oxen, orders in 1543 the destruction of Gothic the Saint-Gery abbey of style.

During the French revolution all the religious buildings of the city are sold like national and destroyed goods, of which the old cathedral. Only four churches, transformed into attic, hospital, Temple of the Reason or prison, are saved.

The dismantling of the fortifications, as from 1894, involves the disappearance of many doors. Some are preserved thanks to the interventions of the company of Emulation of the city.

The First World War is again responsible for very important destruction, the German army mining and setting fire to the center of the city before making retirement in September 1918: on the whole 1214 buildings are destroyed, of which the town hall rebuilt in neo-classic style before the Revolution.

Finally at the end of the Second world war, in April 1944, then still in May, in July until August 11th, Cambrai undergoes allied bombardments: on the whole 55% of the buildings are entirely destroyed in a crisis and 13%

In spite of this considerable destruction the city keeps an important monumental inheritance. First commune of the department of North to obtain this prestigious label, Cambrai is classified Ville of Art and History since 1992.

the cathedral Notre-Dame de Grâce , completed in 1703 in the traditional style of the time, replaced after the Revolution of 1789 admirable the Gothic cathedral of the 12th century of which there does not remain any trace on current Place Fénelon. The apse contains the monumental tomb of Fénelon, masterpiece of the sculptor David of Angers, and the pilot wheels of the transept the icon of Notre-Dame de Grâce like nine famous greyness of Geeraerts of Antwerp.

the church Saint-Gery , formerly abbey Saint-Aubert, is one of the historic buildings oldest of Cambric: the old Roman city of Camaracum . Several archaeological excavations revealed the thin but real wire which attach it at the time Gallo-Roman. During ages, the building, as any body which grows, saw being grafted the styles Romance, Gothic, traditional Renaissance and . For 1000 years, each time has left its print, without speaking about the destruction by the fires, and the wounds of the wars. At the 5th century, it bears the name of Saint-Pierre. Dagobert makes an abbey of it. This one crosses the millenium in the contemplative life of its monks until the revolutionary gust of wind. One decade later, it becomes for a time, cathedral and finally parish church Saint-Gery: bishop founder of the Cambric diocese. It contains remarkable jubé out of polychrome marble carved by Cambrésien Jaspart Marsy as well as a Mise at the tomb of the painter Rubens of 1616, ordering of the metropolitan chapter brought to Cambrai by the Master himself.

the citadel . In spite of its dismantling at the 19th century, the citadel of Charles Quint preserves the galleries of contremine now buried; the Royal door and its drawbridge, flanked with the back of two bodies of guard and an arsenal of the 16th century. Among posterior installations, an explosives magazine, residences for officers and a barracks " the bombes" proof; 19th century are also remarkable.

the Cambric belfry. Formerly bell-tower of the church Saint Martin's day, the monument built at the 15th century becomes Cambric belfry in 1550. Registered voter by UNESCO, within a group of 23 belfries of the north of France, like extension of the 30 Belgian belfries registered voters in 1999 under the name of “Belfries of Flanders and Wallonia”.

Clubs and sports equipment

Cambric counts more than 100 clubs or sports associations, of which the Cambrai Hockey Club which evolves/moves in female Championship of France of Field hockey.

The installations include 6 gymnasia, 2 swimming pools, the Arsenal of Balagny, built between 1581 and 1595, given up by the army in 1967 and rehabilitated in room of gymnastics, a base of leisures, a stage of hockey, a stage of Rugby and many football fields, whose stage of Freedom, sits of the Athlétic Club Cambrésien.

Famous characters

Cambrai saw being born some celebrities among whom:

Baptist Chambray (or Cambray?), Tisserand of the 13th century which, the first, carried out the fabric of flax called the “fabric of Cambric” (in English cambric ).
Heart Bumblebee (1636 or 1638-1706), physicist and anatomist;
Charles François Dumouriez (1739-1823), soldier and politician under the French revolution.
Berthoud (1804-1891), novelist, giver at the town of Douai of a remarkable ethnographic collection.
Charles de Francqueville d' Abancourt, Minister for the War in July 1792.
Charles Henri Joseph Rope-maker (1827-1905 Algiers), sculptor.
Jules Gosselet (1832-1916), French geologist.
Albert Babeau (1835-1914), French historian.
Charles Lamy (1848-1914), Picardy linguist and patoisant poet.
Emile Joseph Carlier (1849, deceased in Paris in 1927), sculptor.
Auguste Dorchain, (1857, deceased in Paris in 1930), poet.
Louis Blériot (1872-1936), industrialist and pilot.
Henri de Lubac (1896-1991), catholic theologist and prelate.
Julien Torma (1902-1933), writer, playwright and poet.
Rene Dumont (1904-2001), agricultural engineer, sociologist and founder of the ecology policy.
Artür Harfaux, (1906-1955), photographer.
Maurice Henry (1907 - Milan 1984), poet, painter, draftsman and scenario writer French.
Maurice Godelier (born in 1934), anthropologist.
Jean-Pierre Destrumelle (1941-2002), player and trainer of football.
Jean-Sylvain Bieth, (1955), plastics technician.
Sonia Dubois, born Relative (1963), TV host and actress.
Christian Carion (born in 1963), realizer.
Charles Pennequin (1965), poet.
Loïc Attely (born in 1977), fencer (fleurettist).

Among those which lived in Cambrai , died there, or played there a big role, one needs citer :

Villard de Honnecourt architect of the 13th century
Pierre d' Ailly (Compiegne 1351 - Avignon 1420), évèque of Cambric of 1397 to 1411.
Enguerrand de Monstrelet (about 1390 - died with Cambrai in 1453), author of the Chronic of Monstrelet .
Guillaume Dufay (born in Cambrai? about 1400 - died with Cambrai in 1474), type-setter.
Érasme, in 1493 secretary of the Cambric bishop
Jeanne the Franc, mother of Jean Calvin, girl of a Cambric tavernier, deceased in 1515.
François de Salignac of Mothe-Fénelon (1651-1715), man of the church, theologist and writer. Appointed Cambric archbishop in 1695, it resides at it after its banishment of the court in 1699.
Joseph the Good (1765-1795), sent Comité of public hello, made reign the Terreur in Cambrai.
Pierre Leprince-Ringuet (1874-1954), architect of the rebuilding after the First World War.

Guillaume Dubois (1656-1723), so known under the name of Dubois cardinal, deserves a special mention: appointed Cambric archbishop, it never put the feet in this city.

Holy Elisabeth of Hungary bienfaitrice of the Cambric cathedral-->

Gastronomical specialities

the Hard mint candy, one of the greedy specialities emblématiques of France, is a candy coated with mint. Its origin would go up around 1850. It is said that it is an error of manufacture which gave birth to it and which thus gave him its name and its celebrity.
the Andouillette of Cambric: pork-butchery containing calf's caul. The associated Confrérie is one of most representative of the area.
Melba toasts and tripe.
Liver p4at3e to the plums.
Hare with the grapes.
Hochepot of Partridge to mashed potatoes of lenses.
Bread " crotté" (kind of " bread perdu").
Pellet of Cambric, pellet of Soft white cheese with sweet herbs.
Volume of Cambric.

Cultural events

the Feudal ones.
the festival of Juventus classical music. This festival attracts each year a plate of famous musicians and is essential like one of the greatest festivals of France as regards classical music on the sides of others like that of Aix-en-Provence.
the festival of August 15th, great fun fair on the place Aristide-Briand (place of the town hall) during ten days. The day of August 15th is punctuated traditional procession of the giants Martin and Martine, symbols of the city.
BetiZFest : festival of alternative musics.

Cambric in the literature

Ernst Jünger in Storms of steel , devoted to the First World War, thus described Cambric in 1917:

Cambric is a small peaceful and somnolent city of Artois (sic), in the name of which stick many historical memories. Narrow lanes and vieillottes run in maze around the enormous church and door, town hall corroded by the centuries many, of which one, largest, saw preaching Fénelon. Heavy bell-towers are drawn up in the middle of a tumble of pointed pinions. Broad avenues lead to the public garden, well maintained, that flowering ash a monument with Louis Blériot.
Les inhabitants are quiet and cordial people, who carry out in their large houses, simple of appearance, but richly furnished, an existence very of wellbeing. The small city is called with reason “the city of the millionaires” because right before the war, one counted forty of these Crésus.
La Great War there tore off this hole of province to its sleep of Beautiful with wood sleeping and moulted it out of hearth of gigantic fights (...)

the streets of Cambric were used as decoration with the black Sang , a 90 minutes fiction turned from March 7th to April 6th, 2006 by the Production die of France 3 Lille, based on the novel of the same name of Louis Guilloux which is held in 1917 in a small town far from the face.
the Turn de Gaulle d' Astérix of Rene Goscinny and Albert Uderzo makes stage with Camaracum (Cambric): Astérix and Obélix buys silly things there.

Around Cambric

the Abbey of Vaucelles (13 km)
the archéo site of the Street-of-Vines (10 km)
the castle of Esnes (11 km)
ponds of the Judicious (13 km)
the museum of the lace of Caudry (15 km)
the Matisse Museum of Cateau-Cambrésis (24 km)
the underground Touage of Riqueval (28 km)

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