The cabernet-sauvignon is a red Cépage of vine of a large nobility. It is, with the Merlot, the principal type of vine of the wines of Bordeaux.
Origin and geographical distribution
According to analyzes DNA (realized by Carole Meredith in 1997) the cabernet sauvignon would be a crossing between the frank Cabernet and the white sauvignon.
In the Of Bordeaux one, it represents more of the three quarters of encépagement. In France, it is cultivated in South-west, the Mid-west and in Provence. It was introduced recently into the Languedoc where it is used for local wines.
This type of vine adapts very well to the hot climates and was adopted by the vineyards of the countries of the New World (Argentine, California, Australia, New Zealand…) like main component of their assemblies.
Abundantly planted in the world, one estimates at more 170 000 ha, the surface which it occupies on a world level, of which approximately 50 000 ha in France.
This type of vine is very charged in Tanin S. It gives wines suited to ageing, quite constructed, very tannic. In the wines of the old world (Europe), the flavors which it brings are those of Violette, blackcurrant and cedar. Wines of the new world (Argentina, Australia, Chile, the United States…), are often dominated by confiturées, timbered or chocolate notes. When the cabernet sauvignon is high was of oak, one can also detect eucalyptus, just as of vanilla and oak.
In the Of Bordeaux one, in particular in the Medoc, the cabernet sauvignon is never vinified only. One adds Merlot, frank cabernet, malbec and Petit Verdot to him. This practice is amongst other things used to pack savors and to return tannins of the more tender cabernet sauvignon.
thumb|300px|bunch of the Cabernet Sauvignon
Farming aptitudes
Maturity is of second hasty time: 10 days after the chasselas.
Technological potential
The bunches and the bays of the cabernet-sauvignon are small with averages. The bunch is cylindro-conical and winged. The type of vine is of good strength. It is not very fertile. It is very sensitive to the Oïdium, with the Eutypiose, the Excoriose and the secheress. It is less sensitive to the Mildiou and rather resistant to the gray rot. In certified material, one counts 25 approved clones.The cabernet sauvignon is strongly appreciated for its capacity of adaptation; it is frequently subjected to a strong size allowing of the raised outputs, often with the detriment of quality. It should indeed be known that it is thanks to outputs lower than 50 hectolitres with the hectare than this type of vine makes it possible to obtain high-class wines, in particular in Médoc. With higher outputs (being able to exceed 100 hectolitres with the hectare) one often loses the interest of this type of vine.
The cabernet sauvignon gives to the wines a frame and a longevity, grace inter alia to a passage supported very well out of new barrels of oak, which make enter names of Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Saint-Estèphe, Margaux and Pessac-Léognan in the legend.
Synonyms
The cabernet-sauvignon is known under the names of bidure, burdeos tinto, Bordeaux wine, bordo, bouchet, cabernet small, carbouet, carmenet, castet, kaberne sovinjon, lafet, lafite, marchoupet, navarre, small bouchet, small cabernet, small parde, small red entrails, sauvignon, sauvignonne, vaucluse, minnow, entrails and entrails sauvignonne.
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