Breton vannetais

The Breton vannetais is the variety of Breton spoken in the Breton-speaking part of the Morbihan (56), except for the cantons of the Faouët and of Gourin (where one speaks cornouaillais). The canton finistérien of Arzano also speaks vannetais.

The Pays vannetais is the other area of great literary tradition in Breton language, with the Leon. Indeed, this country corresponded to évéché of Vannes (at least with its Breton-speaking part) and its priests, being formed with the seminar of this city, learned how there to read and write the Breton room. Who more is, many these priests were also writers. Today, the Breton vannetais sometimes is ignored learning and is left side by the professors, because it shows too specific characteristics compared to the others Breton Dialecte S (more plain and majority). However several methods (in particular Oulpan of Skol year Emsav and the method Assimil of Fanch Morvannou) present and KLT and vannetais it. Lastly, other methods, such Selaou, Selaou of Mona Bouzec present amongst other things cornouaillais it border with vannetais (of Briec in Gourin and Faouët), which divides certain features with vannetais (Palatisation certain sounds, chuintement some S ,…)

This dialect is very interesting, for the linguist because it is without question, with the léonard, one of the Breton dialects most antiquated for its Syntaxe, his morphology and its Phonologie; and for the amateur of Popular song or Tale of share its musical characteristics and its “spirit”, relatively distant from those from the Center-Brittany or the Leon.

Orthographies

Various Orthographe S standard vannetaises followed one another until in the middle of the XXe century, and it still happens that certain people use them. Then Graphie S-orthographies eager appeared to integrate vannetais it, in particular the orthography unified known as Peurunvan founded on a will of unification of KLT and traditional orthography vannetaise, and also named KLTG (G for Gwened = Vannes). Some think that vannetais it and the KLT is too different so that only one and even orthography can be appropriate to note them phonetically satisfactorily. However the C-W communication " skolveurieg" vannetais is close to the C-W communication " skolveurieg" KLT.

The majority of the writers and authors vannetais of today use the Peurunvan: Daniel Doujet, François Louis, Daniel Carré, Jorj Belz (also wrote in traditional orthography vannetaise), rear Herri Borgn (also wrote in interdialectal).

Dialects

Many are the divergences enters vannetais and KLT: both knew a partly different evolution, as from the time of theBreton one.

Vannetais itself is divided into three under-dialects:

  • the haut-vannetais (Pontivy, Vannes, Baud…),
  • the bas-vannetais (between the border with the Finistere and a line connecting Hennebont, Bubry and Cléguérec),
  • the vannetais littoral (which is an alternative of haut-vannetais) (littoral morbihannais, of Valves with Port-Louis, Auray, Carnac, Quiberon, as well as the islands).

Morphology of Breton vannetais

Verbal morphology

Here the paradigms of the Verbe S vannetais, marked conjugation (the mark of anybody is included in the verbal form - it is for example the form which one in general uses with negative). Abbreviation BV precedes the alternatives bas-vannetaises.

Syntax of Breton vannetais

From the point of view of the Syntax, the Breton one vannetais presents a great number of archaisms, and some innovations also.

  • the personal pronoun COD is almost systematically (except in the North-West of bas-vannetais, under influence of cornouaillais) a possessive adjective, and is never replaced by a periphrasis with a preposition. It is what one finds in the other languages Brittonique S (Welsh, Cornique, more antiquated) and in the older states of the language (Means-Breton).

Me ia of hou kuélet . (I will see you. “I your will see”).
He homprenan ket . (I do not include/understand it. “I its do not include/understand”).
E mant doh me hlah . (They are seeking me. “they are my seeking”).

  • In the sentences in compound tenses, pronoun COD is, at the 3rd person, the same form as pronoun COD, and is placed right before the last participle.

EM-be to Me hi kleuet . (I heard it. “I it heard”).
or-of the ket éan guélet . (They did not see it. “they do not have it considering”).

  • the lenitive change on the nouns and the adjectives is less frequent vannetais some than in KLT.

  • the normal word order in the main clauses or independent is almost always SVO,

Me zad in-of the cherret ur villeten to haunt-hant euro (My father collected a ticket of 50€).

E kér, me zad in-of the cherret ur villeten to haunt-hant euro (downtown, my father collected a ticket of 50€).

except in the sentences with the verb being (where one can start with the predicate, especially with the 3rd person of the singular, or by the verb itself, at the present), or with the verb outward journey (one starts with this verb).

Chuih E (it is tired, “tired it-is”)

Éh one E chonjal (I am reflecting)
Éh year of Uéned (I go to Vannes)

In the subordinate clauses however, and the interrogative sentences starting with an interrogative word, like the conjunction or the interrogative word begins obligatorily the sentence, the verb follows, and the subject comes then.

EM-be to Me laret dehè/E tehè Iehann of eih er (I said to them/that Jean would come at eight hours. “I have says with-them/that Jean would come at eight hours”).

Takes along E kaùéemb avaleu? (Where will we find apples? “Where will find apples? ”)

Phonology of Breton vannetais

  • the accent falls on the last syllable from the words (as into old man-Breton; in KLT on the other hand the tonic Accent moved on the penultimate syllable. In bas-vannetais, the tonic accent is weaker and mobile, and fall on the first syllable from the words from three syllables.

  • old the Diphthong S ae and ao is preserved haut-vannetais some, and reduced with E and O bas-vannetais some. Ex: milk: HV liah ; BV lèh . Boy: HV paotr ; BV pôtr .

  • a W etymological decides/ɥ/before a < E > or a < I >.

  • K and G is generally palatalized when they are followed < E >, < I > or < U >. Ki, keu, ford .

  • the tonic accent being on the last syllable, the final syllables are preserved (contrary to the KLT), e.g.:

- our: kañnour (KLT kaner ),
- (I) one: soñnerion (HV), soñnerian (BV) (KLT sonerien ),
- aou: koèdeu (HV), koèdaou (BV) (KLT koajoù ).

  • etymological HT (of old man-Breton) decides /h/ vannetais some (against /z/ in KLT). V-Breton cath > Vannetais kah .

  • etymological /h/ decide in BV, but are dumb in HV.

  • - one etymological old man-Breton becomes - year vannetais some (- eun- in KLT). Lon (full) > lan . (KLT leun )

  • the group - NT often loses its - N in medium of word: French fountain > feutan . V-Breton * cintam > ketan .

  • the group sk- generally decides/ʃ/in front of < E >, < I >, < U >.

  • the S of the group - St is always chuinté.

  • It - old man-Breton etymological O becomes E haut-vannetais some, remains O vannetais littoral of it, and becomes have bas-vannetais some. Ex: v-Breton brodr (brother) > HV brér , Vlit brôr , BV bror .

  • < I > accentuated are diphthongs in /ej/ on the littoral. Ex: Husband > Marei , Ti > a tei , etc

Vocabulary of Breton vannetais

Here a list of some words vannetais emblematic (in traditional orthography) which you will be able to compare with words KLT.

Abbreviations: HV= haut-vannetais; BV = bas-vannetais

Lexicography

Rear Turiaw Menteg Dastumad gerioù has rannyezhoù rear gevred (Dictionary of vannetais Breton-French) Hiziv An Deiz, 2007,253 pages, ISBN 978-2-9516246-1-0.

External bond

  • Textes into Breton vannetais on the site of François Louis
  • Site on the Breton one vannetais of Sebastien Goff

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