Black and white

The White and the Noir are considered or not as colors according to the discipline which speaks about it: printing works, photography, physics, painting, theory of perception.

a white in a strict sense is consisted the meeting in a particular proportion all wavelengths of visible (paradoxically, those radiated by what the physicists name a black Corps; there as many exists white as of temperatures of this body, the white " solaire" being that with 6.300 °K). One names by extension white any mixing wavelengths which the eye cannot distinguish from a true white of an unspecified temperature: the eye is indeed sensitive only to three peaks wavelength from which it gives to the conscience a information of color).

One names black the absence of color because of any visible radiation received by the eye.

One names gray the “colors” judged like intermediaries. There is in fact a very great number of of the same gray luminosity and color distinct according to the temperature from color considered for the white of reference.

Representation

One generally speaks about black and white for reproductions which do not comprise any color and only white, black and various densities of gray. The term is largely applied in management of the Couleur S, in photography, Imprimerie and more rarely in Peinture.

Symbolic system

The two colors are often used together to symbolize a complétude, an absolute, a total duality, like CAT, the parts of the Jeu of failures, the stones of the Jeu of go, etc

Painting

In painting the white and the black make it possible to give the impression of light, to create contrasts.

Photographs

Often used to emphasize a strong contrast in the photo, which can accentuate certain details or certain parts that the photographer would like to emphasize.

The use of the black and white is current for the portrait, the photographer Nadar having shown its aptitude to return the character of a face at one time when photography colors yet really did not exist.

The numerical cameras often make it possible to take photographs in black and white. This mode gives better results that a color photo transformed A posteriori into black and white in postprocessing on computer, because the processor of image then optimizes the characteristics of the catch of sight (better returned edges of silhouette in particular).

Cinema

The black and white are a film format which one can often see shortened n/b in the specialized literature. Invention of the cinema at the Thirties to 50, the films were made in black and white, although technology colors existed already (but too expensive), and the change from one mode to another took place gradually. The films in turned black and white currently, very minority, are the fruit of an esthetic and graphic approach.

Television

The black and white in Télévision are one time of about fifteen years which lasted of the beginning of its use to join the masses, at the beginning of the Fifties of the twentieth century, until the middle of the Sixties, moment when the color appears. One then regarded as a defect the incapacity of the medium to diffuse the color. Electronic technology did not allow indeed then the transmission of signal such an in charge of information. The Kinéscope was the only means of retaining the signal at its exit of the cameras and the console of mixing, signal sent directly to the transmitter. The Magnétoscope made its appearance in the last third of the black and white. Few documents reached us from this time and the Cinégramme S and broad bands magnetoscopic S which remains deteriorate quickly because of the deterioration of polymers used as support. It is the race against the clock with digitalization for the majority of the administrators of funds of files which try to save these witnesses of the period. One uses still today the black and white in videotex, in video of author or amateur in particular and like televisual effect.

Random links: