The Rat of the species Rattus rattus , known also under the name of black rat , rat of the attics , rat of the fields , etc is a rodent common to long tail of the kind Rattus , subfamily of the Murinae .
The species is originating in tropical Asia. It would have colonized the Middle East at the time Roman before reaching Europe in VIIIe century and diffusing then in the whole world by accompanying Europeans in their voyages. Today the black rat is maintained in abundance only in the hottest areas, because having been supplanted by the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) in the freshest areas.
In spite of its name, its color can vary. Its peeling is black with hazel nut with the lower part of the clearer body. It generally reaches a length of 15 with 20 cm, to which a long tail of 20 is added; cm. Compared with the brown rat, it is a poor swimmer, but much better climbing who rather seeks to flee by the top.
It is a night and omnivorous animal, which marks a preference for seeds. Under good conditions it can reproduce throughout the year, the spleens having 3 to 6 ranges per year cash to 10 little rats each one. The females can control their fruitfulness and produce only one range per annum when food is done rare.
Rattus rattus saw on average 2 to 3 years, in social groups which can reach to 60 individuals.
It is a propagator of frightening contagious diseases, sadly celebrates Bubonic plague (transmitted by the chip of the rat) but also of the Typhus, the Toxoplasmose or the Trichinose S.
The black rat is very seldom tamed. Indeed, being a wild species, its contact with the Man remains delicate.
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