Betar

See also: Betar (homonymy)

The Betar (He dir=rtl '' בית " ר '' is the Hebrew Acronyme He dir=rtl '' בריתיוסףתרומפלדור '' trans= '' Brit Yosef Trumpeldor '' which means Alliance Yosef Trumpeldor ) is the initials of a movement Zionist founded revisionist like Jewish youth movement in 1923 with Rīga in Latvia, by Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky. He is traditionally considered near to the Israeli political parties Herout and Likoud. The name of “Betar” is also inspired by the name of the fortress of Betar, last place of Jewish resistance against the Roman Empire to the 2nd century of the Christian era. It is currently directed by David Cohen.

The Idéologie of this movement takes up the ideas of Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky and Joseph Trumpeldor; those stress the Hebraic language, the Jewish culture and the Auto-défense. The goal of this movement was the creation of a Jewish State on two banks of the the Jordan (recognized by the Déclaration Balfour as being, has minimum, the ground on which existed the country of Israel before dispersion), at one time when the State of Israel did not exist.

Birth of the movement

During the winter 1923, Zeev Vladimir Evonovitch Jabotinsky, visit Riga during a stage of its lecture tour. Founder of the Jewish vigilante group in Russia tsarist, organizer of the Jewish Legion during the First World War and first prisoner of Akko, Zeev Vladimir Evonovitch Jabotinsky recommends the adoption by the Zionists of a program plus activist. He calls with the massive emigration towards Israel and request with Jewish youth to show the example.

Shortly after that Jabotinsky left Riga, several Jewish students inspired by its remarks, created “the association of Trumpeldor”. They are devoted to the formation of a new “Jewish legion” which could conquer the ground of Israel. A local young man called Aaron Propes is elected president of the organization which takes the name of Betar. Its principles are simple: all must be devoted to the realization of the ideal Zionist - a Jewish State in its historical borders.

While Betar extends its influence through the Latvia , Jabotinsky goes to Paris where, in 1924, it establishes the world Union of the Zionists revisionists, opposition party with world the Sioniste movement. During this time, in Riga, the third territorial conference of Trumpeldor Association, the delegates decide to propose with the Révisionniste party the creation of a youth movement world and official called Brit Trumpeldor. The proposal is accepted. This same year, during the second world conference of the Zionists revisionists in Paris, Aaron Propes presents the resolution of Betar.

During the three years which followed, Betar settles in Austria, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Germany, France and Israel. The central committee of Brit Trumpeldor in Latvia is used as world office of the movement.

The defense of Jerusalem

Well before the date of the August 1929, of the harbingers of disorders appear.

Sir John Chancellor is named High commissioner in Palestine. He is opposed to the establishment of a Jewish national hearth in Palestine. Chancellor propagates the rumor which the Jews would like to destroy the Mosquée of Omar to Jerusalem to rebuild there the Temple of Solomon. Its civils servant persuade Arabic to proclaim their property on the Kotel. Arabic with the approval of the British administration in Palestine starts to persecute the Jews which go to the Western Wall. Stones are launched to them, the esplanade in front of the Wall is covered intentionally with dejections of asses during the office of Shabbat.

The British Administration builds a road through Kotel to make a short cut towards the mosque of Omar. Arabic leads their asses thus through a place crowned for the Jews.

During Yom Kippour, the religious Jews must place a separation to protect themselves from the Arab provocations. As soon as the governor of Jerusalem learns it, it stops the office and removes separation. The British authorities disarm the Juifs pioneers, knowing however that Arabic had envisaged at August 23rd, 1929, them Der Tag .

The police force stops the procession of a funeral procession which accompanies the coffin by a ten seven year old teenager stabbed mortally. This gesture is perceived like a signal by Arabic. They arrive many of all the country, on Jerusalem with rifles, knives and sticks, with the cry of: El Daula Manna (“the government is with us”). The administration and the police force do not intervene. The Jews are assassinated under the eyes of the official British who assist since the balconies of Government House. The High commissioner in function informs the Sioniste delegation which comes to ask of the assistance that it had received “the order not to draw”.

It is at this time that Betar intervened. Betar uses the weapons which it hid in shelters to defend Jerusalem. A group of students of Oxford line up side of Betar. In twenty four hours, the calm one returned in the city. Arabic leaves in confusion, and are turned over against the colonies disarmed apart from Jerusalem.

The Palestinian administration shows the defenders of Jerusalem of illegal possession of weapons and to be “murderers”. Since this date of 1929, and until in 1946, when Irgoun takes again the responsibility for it, the Plougat HaKotel of Betar (group of Kotel), is presented in the form of a defendant the Western Wall and making safe it for the Jews going on the site of the old Temple.

The ZZW

See also: ŻZW

The various Jewish youth movements are dismantled at the beginning of the revolt of the ghetto and some their former members will join the Jewish military Polish Organization (: Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy, ŻZW). This organization finds its roots in the rows of Betar and it was founded good before the Jews are not locked up behind the walls of the Ghetto of Warsaw.

The members of the ZZW were involved with the handling of the weapons before the beginning of the war by officers of the Polish army, in the intention to join the fight for Jewish sovereignty in Erets Israel . They were organized in cells with an aim of carrying out operations of sabotage against the Germans. There exist still some bonds between the ZZW and the Polish resistance of right-hand side and when the revolt bursts, the latter will come to fight at the side of the Jews.

The general headquarter of the ZZW is joint north-eastern border of the ghetto, 7 place Moranowski. The members of the organization dug under the foundations of the building a driving tunnel outside the ghetto.

Ideology

Jabotinsky conceives Betar as an educational movement of which the goal is to make a psychological revolution in the whole of the Jewish people. “To transform the people of Israel, a herd of slaves beaten in a Nation Master of his force, proud, noble and cruel oneself even”.

He defines three stages in the education of the Nation :

  1. to learn how to him to make use of its fists (Self-defense);
  2. to be held with the attention and to go in order, to cultivate the harmony of the forms and the ceremonial, to scorn any form of negligence;
  3. to develop the Honor, the Respect of the woman, old age, the prayer and the democracy.
Jabotinsky sees in the Jewish youth of Betar, the core which will work and direct the movement Zionist because it symbolizes the “Hebrew with the combat, on the face of freedom and justice”. Jabotinsky designates its young members like “ the children of my dream and my hope ” .

It remains today, six decades after its death, the Spiritual leader of the movement and always receives name Roch Betar .

Betar in France

In France, Betar is a Milice Paramilitaire which is implied in several violent aggressions . It manages also activities like the organization of Vacance S Jewish in Israel. It is a group which was given, at the time of the second Intifada in Israel, for mission of fighting the Antisionisme and the Antisémitisme like making safe the places of worships and districts Jewish as well as the Jewish schools. Organized in network, it would gather 500 members with Paris and Marseilles in particular . It is a movement close to the Likoud. Betar has a branch coed, the Tagar, active within the Université S where it conducts campaigns of posting. Betar and other organizations in particular gave the Goebbels price of the misinformation to Charles Enderlin , journalist of France 2 in load of the israélo-Palestinian conflict on March 26th, 2002.

From its actions described as violent and its methods known as liberticides, Betar is prone to many controversies.

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