Benito Juárez

Benito Pablo Juárez García (March 21st 1806 - June 18th 1872) was a Mexican politician, president twice (1861 - 1867 and 1867 - 1872). Juárez is one of the presidents most admired by the Mexicans.

It was the first Mexican president of Amerindian origin.

Childhood

Of zapotèque origin , Benito Juárez was born in San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, also known under the name of Sierra of Juárez, in the State d' Oaxaca. His/her parents were farmers and died when it was 3 years old. He was then farm laborer and shepherd up to 12 years, when he left the December 18th 1818 to Oaxaca with an aim of studying and of obtaining a better standard of living, whereas he could neither read, nor to write and that he did not speak the Spanish but only the zapotèque one.

In Oaxaca it had a sister who worked like cooker, which accepted it and found a work of servant to him. A priest Franciscain, named Antonio Salanueva, was impressed by the intelligence of the young boy and his facility of training. He helped it to integrate the seminar of the city, in which he began his studies, and dedicated itself more to the Right than to the Théologie.

Political life

Governor of the State d' Oaxaca, it was distinguished for his progressists measurements. During the presidency of Antonio López de Santa Anna, it was stopped and held with Havana. It took part in the Plan of Ayutla and during the government of Juan Álvarez it was named Minister for Justice and the State education.

It made the promotion of laws progressists which protected the Constitution from 1857, on this occasion it was named president of the Supreme court of Justice.

A preserving rising caused the Guerre of Reform, during which Benito Juárez assumed the presidency of the Republic (1858), and promulga the Lois of Reform one year later. These laws still constitute the base of the modern State Mexican: confiscation of the goods of the clergy and ground sale of the Church, end of the recognition of the collective goods belonging to the villagers, for the majority natives. These grounds were bought by speculators and constituted immense properties known under the name of haciendas and separation of the Church and the State.

In 1859 its government with the United States of America the treaty McLane-Ocampo conceding perpetual right-of-way on the Mexican territory signed

In 1860 it entered the town of Mexico City and was again indicated president in 1861. For this period, in front of a serious financial position because of the war, it decided to suspend the payment of the Foreign debt, which caused the protests of the France, the Spain and of the Great Britain. This situation involved the French invasion, with the support of the conservatives and of the Church demolished by the Guerre of Reform, it followed the proclamation of Maximilien as Empereur of Mexico.

Carried out by the liberal middle-class and those which the laws of Réforeme had enriched a resistance to the invader was organized, crowned by the entry of Benito Juárez in the capital and its re-election like chairs in 1867. This new period was characterized by an authoritarianism and new financial problems.

The loss of the support of the liberals, the rise of the bandolerism and the disorders social undermined its political capacities. He was freemason.

Again elected president (but only by the congress) in 1871, it was confronted with the risings, directed mainly by the general Porfirio Díaz. In 1871 Díaz raised itself with the cry of " sufragio efectivo - No reeleccion (vote manpower-not of re-election that later against him Francisco I. Madero will take again) against Juárez, which he showed of fraud and proclaimed the Plan Noria which gives the departure of the Révolution of the Noria. Almost overcome, Juárez died in the National Palais the July 18th 1872 of an infarction. He succeed then Sebastian Lerdo de Tejeda. Before finishing its mandate this one organizes its re-election by means of massive frauds. Porfirio Diaz takes again the weapons and proclaims the Plan of Tuxtepec and the principle of the not-re-election. At the end of 1876 Diaz provisional president of Mexico states itself.

See too

Chronology of Mexico
List of the presidents of Mexico
Maximilien of Political Mexico
of Mexico

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