Beilis business

Menahem Mendel Beilis (in Russian: МенахемМендельБейлис); (1874 - 1934) is a Ukrainian Juif shown in 1913, at the time of a iniquitous Procès, to have made a ritual crime. This lawsuit starts a wave of criticisms against the policy anti-semite of the Russian Empire.

Context

Menahem Mendel Beilis was born in a pious Jewish family, but itself has only little religious knowledge and works regularly the Chabbat as well as the feastdays de except for Roch Hachana and of Yom Kippour. In 1911, Beilis, a former soldier and father of five children, are employed as superintendant in the factory of bricks Zaitsev with Kiev.

The March 12th 1911, a young thirteen years Ukrainian boy, Andrei Yushchinsky disappears on the way from the school. Eight days later, its mutilated body is discovered in a Grotte close to the brick factory.

Period of waiting of the lawsuit (1911-1913)

Beilis is stopped the July 21st 1911, after a lamplighter attested that the boy was kidnapped by a Jew. A report/ratio submitted to the Tsar Nicolas II by the legal authorities affirms that Beilis is the murderer of Yushchinsky.

Menahem Beilis passes more than two years in Prison in waiting of its lawsuit. During this time, a campaign malevolent anti-semite is launched by the Russian press against the Jewish community, with charge of ritual crime.

Many a Intellectuel S Russian writes to denounce this countryside and them false charges against the Jews. Among them: Maxime Gorki, Vladimir Korolenko, Alexander Blok, Alexander Kuprin, Vladimir Vernadsky, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Pavel Milyukov, Alexander Koni.

The lawsuit

The lawsuit takes place in Kiev of the September 25th to the October 28th 1913. The Public prosecutor AD INTERIM Vipper openly makes to a declaration anti-semite in his Discours of fence.

The charge is made up of the best lawyers of the Gouvernement. One of the Pilot S of the charge, presented as a Expert religious in the ritual Jewish is the catholic Prêtre Justinas Pranaitis, especially come from the remote city of Tashkent. It has being called because of sound delivers 1892 " The Talmud démasqué" , printed with the Imprimatur of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Moguilev, and whose many inaccuracies are always quoted nowadays by the anti-semites. Pranaitis attests that the murder of Yushchinsky is a religious ritual, associating the murder of Yushchinsky with a Sacrifice, a allowed Imposture by many Russian of this time. Another witness, introduced as expert, is the Professor Sikorski of the Université of Kiev, a psychological medical which regards also the case as a ritual murder.

Thanks to the contest of the Jewish community, Beilis is represented by most famous lawyers of Moscow, Saint-Pétersbourg, and Kiev: Vasily Maklakov, Grusenberg Oscar, NR. Karabchevsky, A. Zarundy, and D. Grigorovitch-Barsky. Two eminent Russian professors Troitsky and Kokovtzov, speak in the name of defense and speak in praise of the Jewish values and dismount the untruths of the charge, while the Philosophe Alexander Glagolev, Chrétien Orthodoxe, professor with the Séminaire Théologique of Kiev, affirms that " the law of Brace interdict to spread human Blood and the use of blood in the Food to hide " .

The lamplighter, on the testimony of which all the charge of Beilis rests, acknowledges to be muddled by the Okhrana, the secret police force.

After a deliberation which lasts several hours, the Jury, made up only of Christian, discharges Beilis. Among the jury, there is no representative of the Intelligentsia.

The liberal press reveals whereas at the beginning of the investigation, the police force had succeeded in determining that the morning of its Disparition, Andrei Yushchinsky had decided to dry the school and to return visit to its friendly, Zhenya Cheberyak. The mother of Zhenia is perfectly known police force like belonging to a band of robbers as receleuse and had very quickly been suspected of the murder.

After the lawsuit

The Beilis lawsuit is followed in the whole world and the Russian police forces are severely criticized. The Beilis business is often compared with the business Leo Frank where an American Jew , director of a factory of pencils of Atlanta is shown Viol and Assassinat of the young person Mary Phagan twelve years and lynched in 1915, by the Foule after its sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

After its slackening, Beilis and its family leave Russia for the Palestine, then province of the Ottoman Empire. In 1920, it settles with the the United States where it dies in 1934.

Influence

Bernard Malamud writes a book " The Man of Kiev" (in English: " The Fixer") on these events of which John Frankenheimer car in 1968 the Film éponyme " The Man of Kiev , with Alan Packsaddlled and Dirk Bogarde.

See too

Business of Tiszaeszlár
Business Hilsner
Leo Frank
Business Dreyfus
History of the Jews in Russia
Anti-semitism
Charge of ritual crime against the Jews

References

(Fr) : Mendel Beilis, the Beilis Business, Kiev 1911-1913 , translated by Elsa Boussiba, ED. Raphaël 1994, ISBN 2-87781-031-3
(in) : ISBN 1-56062-166-4 Scapegoat one Trial: The Story off Mendel Beilis - The autobiography.
(in) : ISBN 0-87668-179-8 The Beilis Transcripts. The Anti-Semitic Trial that Shook the World. by Ezekiel Leikin
(in) : ISBN 5-7349-0016-8 The Beilis Puts. Modern Research and Documents.

External bonds

(in) : The business Beilis
(in) : A governmental charge of ritual crime: the business Beilis (Beyond the Blade - friends-partners.org)
(Ru) : Pleading of defense counsel V.A. Maklakov
(Ru) : Articles and Call to the Russian People by Vladimir Korolenko
(Ru) : Shorthand report/ratio of the lawsuit. Volumes 1-3
(Ru) : Бейлис, МенахемМендель in The Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia , Jerusalem. 1976-2005
(Ru) : The Beilis business: truth and myth by Feliks Levitas, Mikhail Frenkel ( Jewish To observe , Jewish Confederation off Ukraine) April 12,2006

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